A 205804

A-205804 is a potent and selective inhibitor of E-selectin and ICAM-1 with IC50 value of 20 nM and 25 nM, respectively [1].

E-selectin is a cell adhesion molecule and plays an important role in recruiting leukocytes to injury site during inflammation process. ICAM-1 (intracellular adhesion molecule 1) is a ligand for LFA-1 and involves in leukocytes binding to endothelial cells process. It has been reported that abnormal expression of E-selectin and ICAM-1 are correlated with a variety of cancers [2].

A-205804 is a selective E-selectin and ICAM-1 inhibitor over VCAM-1. When tested with primary HUVECs cells, A-205804 treatment reduced cell migration ability by inhibiting the expression of E-selectin and ICAM-1 [3]. In human vascular endothelial cells using whole-cell high-throughput assay, it was shown that A-205804 exhibited potent and selective inhibition to E-selectin and ICAM-1 with low concentrations [1]. Further, it was revealed that A-205804 inhibited E-selectin and ICAM-1 expressions by translocating to cell nucleus and noncovalently associated with macromolecules of molecular weight greater than 650 kDa when tested with human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) [4].

References:
[1].  Stewart, A.O., et al., Discovery of inhibitors of cell adhesion molecule expression in human endothelial cells. 1. Selective inhibition of ICAM-1 and E-selectin expression. J Med Chem, 2001. 44(6): p. 988-1002.
[2].  Chang, C.Z., et al., Valproic acid attenuates intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and E-selectin through a chemokine ligand 5 dependent mechanism and subarachnoid hemorrhage induced vasospasm in a rat model. J Inflamm (Lond), 2015. 12: p. 27.
[3].  Zhu, G.D., et al., Selective inhibition of ICAM-1 and E-selectin expression in human endothelial cells. 2. Aryl modifications of 4-(aryloxy)thieno[2,3-c]pyridines with fine-tuning at C-2 carbamides. J Med Chem, 2001. 44(21): p. 3469-87.
[4].   Zhu, G.D., et al., Synthesis and mode of action of (125)I- and (3)H-labeled thieno[2,3-c]pyridine antagonists of cell adhesion molecule expression. J Org Chem, 2002. 67(3): p. 943-8.

Synthesis and mode of action of (125)I- and (3)H-labeled thieno[2,3-c]pyridine antagonists of cell adhesion molecule expression.[Pubmed:11856042]

J Org Chem. 2002 Feb 8;67(3):943-8.

A series of thieno[2,3-c]pyridine antagonists of cell adhesion molecule (CAM) expression, such as A-205804 (1) and A-249377 (2), selectively suppressed the induced expression of E-selectin and ICAM-1 over VCAM-1. In an effort to explore the biological mechanism of action of these inhibitors, we synthesized (125)I- and (3)H-labeled thieno[2,3-c]pyridines 5 and 6. An isolated diazonium tetrafluoroborate salt efficiently trapped Na(125)I on very small scale (7.5 microg of Na(125)I), providing the corresponding (125)I-labeled thieno[2,3-c]pyridine in modest yield. Preliminary mechanistic investigations using these radiolabeled compounds revealed that, upon incubation with human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), these inhibitors of CAM expression translocated to the cell nucleus and were noncovalently associated with macromolecules of molecular weight greater than 650 kDa.

Discovery of inhibitors of cell adhesion molecule expression in human endothelial cells. 1. Selective inhibition of ICAM-1 and E-selectin expression.[Pubmed:11300880]

J Med Chem. 2001 Mar 15;44(6):988-1002.

A critical early event in the inflammatory cascade is the induced expression of cell adhesion molecules on the lumenal surface of vascular endothelial cells. These adhesion molecules include E-selectin, ICAM-1, and VCAM-1, which serve to recruit circulating leukocytes to the site of the inflammation. These adhesive interactions allow the leukocytes to firmly adhere to and cross the vascular endothelium and migrate to the site of tissue injury. Pharmaceutical agents which would prevent the induced expression of one or more of the cell adhesion molecules on the endothelium might be expected to provide a novel mechanism to attenuate the inflammatory responses associated with chronic inflammatory diseases. A thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine, A-155918, was identified from a whole-cell high-throughput assay for compounds which inhibited the tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFalpha)-induced expression of E-selectin, ICAM-1, or VCAM-1 on human vascular endothelial cells. Traditional medicinal chemistry methods were applied to this low-micromolar inhibitor, resulting in the 2,4-disubstituted thieno[2,3-c]pyridine A-205804, a potent and selective lead inhibitor of E-selectin and ICAM-1 expression (IC(50) = 20 and 25 nM, respectively). The relative position of the nitrogen atom in the thienopyridine isomer was shown to be critical for activity, as was a small amide 2-substituent.

Selective inhibition of ICAM-1 and E-selectin expression in human endothelial cells. 2. Aryl modifications of 4-(aryloxy)thieno[2,3-c]pyridines with fine-tuning at C-2 carbamides.[Pubmed:11585452]

J Med Chem. 2001 Oct 11;44(21):3469-87.

The elevated expression of cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) on the lumenal surface of vascular endothelial cells is a critical early event in the complex inflammatory process. The adhesive interactions of these CAMs that include E-selectin, ICAM-1, and VCAM-1 with their counter-receptors on leukocytes, such as integrins of the alpha(L)beta(2) family, result in migration of the leukocytes to the site of inflammation and cause tissue injury. Pharmaceutical agents that could suppress the induced expression of one or more of these cell adhesion molecules would provide a novel mechanism to attenuate the inflammatory responses associated with chronic inflammatory diseases. A-205804 (1), a potent and selective inhibitor of the induced expression of E-selectin and ICAM-1 over VCAM-1, was further modified with emphasis at the C-4 and C-2 positions to identify a more potent drug candidate with a good pharmacokinetic profile and physical properties. Replacement of the C-4 sulfur linkage in 1 with an oxygen atom eliminated one of the two major metabolites for this lead molecule. The para-position of the 4-phenoxy group of the thieno[2,3-c]pyridine lead is found to be very critical for a higher in vitro potency and selectivity of E-selectin and ICAM-1 over VCAM-1 expression. This position is presumably close to the solvent-accessible region of the target protein-inhibitor complex. An attempt to install a water-solubilizing group at the para-position of the phenoxy group to increase the aqueous solubility of this lead series through various linkages failed to provide an ideal inhibitor. Only small substituents such as fluorine are tolerated at the meta- and ortho-positions of the 4-phenoxy to retain a good in vitro potency. Bromo, trifluoromethyl, pyrazol-1-yl, and imidazol-1-yl are among the better substituents at the para-position. With fine-tuning at the C-2 position we discovered a series of very potent (IC(50) < 5 nM for ICAM-1) and selective (>200-fold vs VCAM-1) inhibitors with a good pharmacokinetic profile. Demonstrated efficacy in a rat rheumatoid arthritis model and in a mice asthma model with selected compounds is also reported.

A-205804 is an orally bioavailable, potent and selective lead inhibitor of E-selectin and ICAM-1 expression, with an IC50 of 20 nM and 25 nM for E-selectin and ICAM-1, respectively. A-205804 can be used in the research of chronic inflammatory diseases.

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