Hinesol

Chemotype diversity of Psidium guajava L.[Pubmed:29913321]

Phytochemistry. 2018 Sep;153:129-137.

The essential oil of Psidium guajava L. has been studied for pharmacological and industrial purposes, without considering the plant's genotype regarding the heterogeneity of its composition. The present study aimed to characterize the chemotype diversity of the essential oil extracted from the leaves of 22 genotypes of P. guajava grown in two different environments in the state of Espirito Santo, Brazil, and to identify the different chemical markers present in these plants. Essential oil from the leaves of the P. guajava genotypes was extracted by hydrodistillation, and its chemical composition was analyzed by gas chromatography-flame ionization detection (GC-FID) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Thirty-three compounds were identified, comprising 87.5-99.0% of the total composition, with a prevalence of sesquiterpenes in all samples. The major compounds identified consisted of (E)-trans-Caryophyllene, alpha-Humulene, trans-Nerolidol, beta-Bisabolene, beta-Bisabolol, and Hinesol, the first of which was identified as a possible chemical marker for the species. Multivariate factor analysis of the chemical composition of P. guajava oil identified three chemotypes: Commercial - PAL, SEC, PS, PET, C7, C11, and C17MI, characterized by high levels of beta-Selinene, alpha-Selinene, Hinesol, and 14-hydroxy-epi-(E)-caryophyllene, with beta-Selinene and alpha-Selinene as the chemical markers; C10 and C13, exhibiting high levels of Elemol, trans-Nerolidol, trans-beta-Eudesmol, and (2Z, 6Z)-Farnesol, which were indicated as chemical markers, and Cortibel - C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, C6, C8, C9, C12, C14, C15, C16, C17LI, which retained high levels of alpha-Cedrene, cis-alpha-Bergamotene, alpha-Humulene, Humulene epoxide, epi-alpha-Cadinol, beta-Bisabolol, and alpha-Bisabolol, with beta-Bisabolol and alpha-Bisabolol as the chemical markers. The use of guava genotypes with different chemotypes, that are agronomically favorable to fruit production and essential oil exploitation adds value to the crop and renders it more sustainable. Given guava crops produce large amounts of leaf biomass, resulting from successive prunings, the extraction of their essential oil, which retains commercially valuable compounds, can be feasible.

Hinesol, a compound isolated from the essential oils of Atractylodes lancea rhizome, inhibits cell growth and induces apoptosis in human leukemia HL-60 cells.[Pubmed:25833731]

J Nat Med. 2015 Jul;69(3):332-9.

Hinesol is a unique sesquiterpenoid isolated from the Chinese traditional medicine, Atractylodes lancea rhizome. In a previous study, we screened various natural products in human leukemia HL-60 cells and identified an essential oil fraction from A. lancea rhizome that exhibited apoptosis-inducing activity in these cells; Hinesol was subsequently shown to be the compound responsible for this apoptosis-inducing activity. In this study, we describe the cytotoxic effects and molecular mechanisms of Hinesol in HL-60 cells. The antitumor effect of Hinesol was associated with apoptosis. When HL-60 cells were treated with Hinesol, characteristic features of apoptosis, such as nuclear fragmentation and DNA fragmentation, were observed. These growth-inhibitory and apoptosis-inducing activities of Hinesol in leukemia cells were much stronger than those of beta-eudesmol, another compound isolated from the essential oil fraction. Furthermore, Hinesol induced activation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), but not p38, prior to the onset of apoptosis. These results suggested that Hinesol induced apoptosis through the JNK signaling pathway in HL-60 cells. Therefore, Hinesol may represent a novel medicinal drug having indications in the treatment of various cancers, including leukemia.