CZC 54252 hydrochloride

CZC-54252 is a potent inhibitor of LRRK2 with IC50s of 1.28 nM and 1.85 nM for wild-type and G2019S LRRK2 respectively. IC50 value: 1.28 nM/1.85 nM(LRRK2/G2019S LRRK2) [1] Target: LRRK2 inhibitor in vitro: CZC-54252 inhibited the activity of recombinant human wild-type LRRK2 with an IC50 ranging from ～1 to ～5 nM. The G2019S mutant was inhibited with an IC50 ranging from ～2 to ～7 nM in a TF-FRET assay. In addition, they were screened against a kinase panel of 185 kinases and exhibited good selectivity. CZC-25146 (19) inhibited five other kinases, PLK4, GAK, TNK1, CAMKK2, and PIP4K2C, with high potency only, but none of them have been classified as predictors of genotoxicity or hematopoietic toxicity [1]. G2019S LRRK2-induced human neuronal injury was attenuated by CZC-25146 with an EC50 of ~4 nM (EC50 CZC-54252 ~1 nM) and fully reversed to wild-type levels by both compounds at concentrations as low as 8 nM (1.6 nM for CZC-54252) [2]. in vivo: In vivo pharmacology established a volume of distribution of 5.4 L/kg and a clearance of 2.3 L/h/kg for CZC-25146 (19). Unfortunately, it exhibited a poor brain penetration of just 4%.

References:
[1]. Ramsden N, et al. Chemoproteomics-based design of potent LRRK2-selective lead compounds that attenuate Parkinson's disease-related toxicity in human neurons. ACS Chem Biol. 2011 Oct 21;6(10):1021-8. [2]. Ramsden N, et al. Chemoproteomics-based design of potent LRRK2-selective lead compounds that attenuate Parkinson's disease-related toxicity in human neurons. ACS Chem Biol. 2011 Oct 21;6(10):1021-8.

Small molecule kinase inhibitors for LRRK2 and their application to Parkinson's disease models.[Pubmed:22860184]

ACS Chem Neurosci. 2012 Mar 21;3(3):151-60.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder. Several single gene mutations have been linked to this disease. Mutations in the gene encoding leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) indicate LRRK2 as promising therapeutic target for the treatment of PD. LRRK2 mutations were observed in sporadic as well as familial PD patients and have been investigated intensively. LRRK2 is a large and complex protein, with multiple enzymatic and protein-interaction domains, each of which is effected by mutations. The most common mutation in PD patients is G2019S. Several LRRK2 inhibitors have been reported already, although the crystal structure of LRRK2 has not yet been determined. This review provides a summary of known LRRK2 inhibitors and will discuss recent in vitro and in vivo results of these inhibitors.

Chemoproteomics-based design of potent LRRK2-selective lead compounds that attenuate Parkinson's disease-related toxicity in human neurons.[Pubmed:21812418]

ACS Chem Biol. 2011 Oct 21;6(10):1021-8.

Leucine-rich repeat kinase-2 (LRRK2) mutations are the most important cause of familial Parkinson's disease, and non-selective inhibitors are protective in rodent disease models. Because of their poor potency and selectivity, the neuroprotective mechanism of these tool compounds has remained elusive so far, and it is still unknown whether selective LRRK2 inhibition can attenuate mutant LRRK2-dependent toxicity in human neurons. Here, we employ a chemoproteomics strategy to identify potent, selective, and metabolically stable LRRK2 inhibitors. We demonstrate that CZC-25146 prevents mutant LRRK2-induced injury of cultured rodent and human neurons with mid-nanomolar potency. These precise chemical probes further validate this emerging therapeutic strategy. They will enable more detailed studies of LRRK2-dependent signaling and pathogenesis and accelerate drug discovery.