Otonecine

CAS# 6887-34-9

Otonecine

Catalog No. BCN2009----Order now to get a substantial discount!

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Quality Control of Otonecine

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Chemical structure

Otonecine

3D structure

Chemical Properties of Otonecine

Cas No. 6887-34-9 SDF Download SDF
PubChem ID 5281740 Appearance Powder
Formula C9H15NO3 M.Wt 185.22
Type of Compound Alkaloids Storage Desiccate at -20°C
Solubility Soluble in Chloroform,Dichloromethane,Ethyl Acetate,DMSO,Acetone,etc.
Chemical Name (4R,6Z)-4-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-1-methyl-2,3,4,8-tetrahydroazocin-5-one
SMILES CN1CCC(C(=O)C(=CC1)CO)O
Standard InChIKey GRAGROPQORVALZ-VKWJFSHESA-N
Standard InChI InChI=1S/C9H15NO3/c1-10-4-2-7(6-11)9(13)8(12)3-5-10/h2,8,11-12H,3-6H2,1H3/b7-2-/t8-/m1/s1
General tips For obtaining a higher solubility , please warm the tube at 37 ℃ and shake it in the ultrasonic bath for a while.Stock solution can be stored below -20℃ for several months.
We recommend that you prepare and use the solution on the same day. However, if the test schedule requires, the stock solutions can be prepared in advance, and the stock solution must be sealed and stored below -20℃. In general, the stock solution can be kept for several months.
Before use, we recommend that you leave the vial at room temperature for at least an hour before opening it.
About Packaging 1. The packaging of the product may be reversed during transportation, cause the high purity compounds to adhere to the neck or cap of the vial.Take the vail out of its packaging and shake gently until the compounds fall to the bottom of the vial.
2. For liquid products, please centrifuge at 500xg to gather the liquid to the bottom of the vial.
3. Try to avoid loss or contamination during the experiment.
Shipping Condition Packaging according to customer requirements(5mg, 10mg, 20mg and more). Ship via FedEx, DHL, UPS, EMS or other couriers with RT, or blue ice upon request.

Source of Otonecine

The herb of Aster smithianus

Biological Activity of Otonecine

Description1.Otonecine-type PA induces hepatotoxicity, the formation of an unstable pyrrolic ester plays a key role.

Otonecine Dilution Calculator

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Otonecine Molarity Calculator

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Preparing Stock Solutions of Otonecine

1 mg 5 mg 10 mg 20 mg 25 mg
1 mM 5.399 mL 26.9949 mL 53.9898 mL 107.9797 mL 134.9746 mL
5 mM 1.0798 mL 5.399 mL 10.798 mL 21.5959 mL 26.9949 mL
10 mM 0.5399 mL 2.6995 mL 5.399 mL 10.798 mL 13.4975 mL
50 mM 0.108 mL 0.5399 mL 1.0798 mL 2.1596 mL 2.6995 mL
100 mM 0.054 mL 0.2699 mL 0.5399 mL 1.0798 mL 1.3497 mL
* Note: If you are in the process of experiment, it's necessary to make the dilution ratios of the samples. The dilution data above is only for reference. Normally, it's can get a better solubility within lower of Concentrations.

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References on Otonecine

Characterization of rat liver microsomal metabolites of clivorine, an hepatotoxic otonecine-type pyrrolizidine alkaloid.[Pubmed:11095586]

Drug Metab Dispos. 2000 Dec;28(12):1475-83.

The metabolism of the hepatotoxic Otonecine-type pyrrolizidine alkaloid (PA), clivorine, was investigated using rat liver microsomes. The metabolites dehydroretronecine (DHR), 7-glutathionyldehydroretronecine (7-GSH-DHR), 7, 9-diglutathionyldehydroretronecine (7,9-diGSH-DHR), and clivoric acid were identified using chromatographic and mass spectrometric analyses. NMR characterizations were also performed on the isolated clivoric acid and the synthetic 7-GSH-DHR and 7,9-diGSH-DHR. The results indicated that the two glutathione (GSH) conjugates were formed by reaction of the unstable toxic pyrrolic ester with GSH added in the microsomal incubation system, whereas DHR was generated from hydrolysis of the unstable pyrrolic ester, and that clivoric acid was produced from all these further conversions of the unstable pyrrolic ester. Furthermore, tissue-bound pyrroles were also determined to be present after microsomal incubation of clivorine. Clivoric acid has not been previously identified, and DHR and 7, 9-diGSH-DHR were found, for the first time, as metabolites of an Otonecine-type PA, while 7-GSH-DHR was previously reported by us to be a microsomal metabolite of clivorine. The in vitro metabolic pathway of clivorine was delineated to be the initial formation of the unstable pyrrolic ester, which then may undergo hydrolysis, GSH conjugations, or covalent binding with hepatic tissues that may lead to hepatotoxicity. The present definitive identification of four pyrrolic ester-related metabolites of clivorine and indirect determination of bound pyrroles provide the strongest evidence to date to support the hypothesis that the formation of an unstable pyrrolic ester plays a key role in Otonecine-type PA-induced hepatotoxicity.

Metabolic formation of DHP-derived DNA adducts from a representative otonecine type pyrrolizidine alkaloid clivorine and the extract of Ligularia hodgsonnii hook.[Pubmed:15144228]

Chem Res Toxicol. 2004 May;17(5):702-8.

Plants that contain pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) are widely distributed, and PAs have been shown to be genotoxic and tumorigenic in experimental animals. Our recent mechanistic studies indicated that riddelliine, a tumorigenic retronecine type PA, induced tumors via a genotoxic mechanism mediated by the formation of a set of eight 6,7-dihydro-7-hydroxy-1-hydroxymethyl-5H-pyrrolizine (DHP)-derived DNA adducts. However, it is not known if this mechanism is general to PAs of other types. In this study, we report that the metabolism of clivorine, a tumorigenic Otonecine type PA, by F344 rat liver microsomes results in DHP formation. When incubations were conducted with clivorine in the presence of calf thymus DNA, eight DHP-derived DNA adducts were formed. The Ligularia hodgsonnii Hook plant, an antitussive traditional Chinese medicine, was found to contain Otonecine type PAs with clivorine being predominant. DHP and DHP-derived DNA adducts were also obtained when microsomal incubations were conducted with extracts of L. hodgsonnii Hook. This is the first report that DHP-derived DNA adducts are formed from the metabolic activation of Otonecine type PA and that these DHP-derived DNA adducts are potential biomarkers of PA exposure and PA-induced tumorigenicity. These results also provide evidence that the principal metabolic activation pathway of clivorine leading to liver genotoxicity and tumorigenicity is (i) formation of the corresponding dehydropyrrolizidine (pyrrolic) derivative through oxidative N-demethylation of the necine base followed by ring closure and dehydration and (ii) binding of the pyrrolic metabolite to DNA leading to the DNA adduct formation and tumor initiation.

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