Ganetespib (STA-9090)

Ganetespib (also known as STA-9090), 5-[2,4-dihydroxy-5-(1 methylethyl)phenyl]-2,4 dihydro-4-(1-methyl-1H indol-5 yl)-3H-1,2,4 triazole-3-one, is a potent small-molecule inhibitor of heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90), which binds to the ATP pocket in the N-terminus of Hsp90 resulting in down-regulation of Hsp90 client protein levels. Being structurally unrelated to geldanamycin-derived Hsp90 inhibitors (17-AAG, 17-DMAG, and IPI-504), ganetespib has a unique triazolone-containing chemical structure and stands out other Hsp90 inhibitors in terms of potency, antitumor activity, and safety profile. Results of previous studies indicate that ganetespib exhibits antitumor activity against a broad range of human cancers, including lung cancer, prostate cancer, colon cancer, breast cancer, melanoma and leukemia.

Reference

Weiwen Ying, Zhenjian Du, Lijun Sun, Kevin P. Foley, David A. Proia, Ronald K. Blackman, Dan Zhou, Takayo Inoue, Noriaki Tatsuta, Jim Sang, Shuxia Ye, Jamie Acquaviva, Luisa Shin Ogawa, Yumiko Wada, James Barsoum, and Keizo Koya. Ganetespib, a unqiue triazolone-containing Hsp90 inhibitor, exhibits potent antitumor activity and a superior safety profile for cancer therapy. Mol Cancer Ther 2012; 11: 475-484

Jonathan W Goldman, Robert N Raju, Gregory A Gordon, Iman El-Hariry, Florentina Teofilivivi, Vojo M Vukovic, Robert Bradley, Michael D Karol, Yu Chen, Wei Guo, Takayo Inoue and Lee Rosen. A first in human, safety, pharmacokinetics, and clinical activity phase I study of once weekly administration of the Hsp90 inhibitor ganetespib (STA-9090) in patients with solid malignancies. BMC Cancer 2013; 13:152

Ganetespib (STA-9090), a nongeldanamycin HSP90 inhibitor, has potent antitumor activity in in vitro and in vivo models of non-small cell lung cancer.[Pubmed:22806877]

Clin Cancer Res. 2012 Sep 15;18(18):4973-85.

PURPOSE: We describe the anticancer activity of ganetespib, a novel non-geldanamycin heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) inhibitor, in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) models. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: The activity of ganetespib was compared with that of the geldanamycin 17-AAG in biochemical assays, cell lines, and xenografts, and evaluated in an ERBB2 YVMA-driven mouse lung adenocarcinoma model. RESULTS: Ganetespib blocked the ability of HSP90 to bind to biotinylated geldanamycin and disrupted the association of HSP90 with its cochaperone, p23, more potently than 17-AAG. In genomically defined NSCLC cell lines, ganetespib caused depletion of receptor tyrosine kinases, extinguishing of downstream signaling, inhibition of proliferation and induction of apoptosis with IC(50) values ranging 2 to 30 nmol/L, substantially lower than those required for 17-AAG (20-3,500 nmol/L). Ganetespib was also approximately 20-fold more potent in isogenic Ba/F3 pro-B cells rendered IL-3 independent by expression of EGFR and ERBB2 mutants. In mice bearing NCI-H1975 (EGFR L858R/T790M) xenografts, ganetespib was rapidly eliminated from plasma and normal tissues but was maintained in tumor with t(1/2) 58.3 hours, supporting once-weekly dosing experiments, in which ganetespib produced greater tumor growth inhibition than 17-AAG. However, after a single dose, reexpression of mutant EGFR occurred by 72 hours, correlating with reversal of antiproliferative and proapoptotic effects. Consecutive day dosing resulted in xenograft regressions, accompanied by more sustained pharmacodynamic effects. Ganetespib also showed activity against mouse lung adenocarcinomas driven by oncogenic ERBB2 YVMA. CONCLUSIONS: Ganetespib has greater potency than 17-AAG and potential efficacy against several NSCLC subsets, including those harboring EGFR or ERBB2 mutation.

A phase I and pharmacokinetic study of ganetespib (STA-9090) in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma.[Pubmed:25248753]

Invest New Drugs. 2015 Feb;33(1):128-37.

BACKGROUND: Ganetespib (STA-9090) is an Hsp90 inhibitor that downregulates VEGFR, c-MET, HER2, IGF-IR, EGFR, and other Hsp90 client proteins involved in hepatocarcinogenesis, thereby making it an attractive therapy for HCC. This Phase I study was performed to establish the safety, tolerability, recommended Phase 2 dose (RP2D), and preliminary clinical activity of ganetespib in previously treated patients with advanced HCC. METHODS: Patients with advanced HCC, Child-Pugh A cirrhosis, progression on or intolerance to sorafenib, and ECOG PS

A first in human, safety, pharmacokinetics, and clinical activity phase I study of once weekly administration of the Hsp90 inhibitor ganetespib (STA-9090) in patients with solid malignancies.[Pubmed:23530663]

BMC Cancer. 2013 Mar 25;13:152.

BACKGROUND: This phase I study investigated the maximum tolerated dose (MTD), safety, pharmacokinetics and antitumor activity of ganetespib in patients with solid malignancies. METHODS: Patients were enrolled in cohorts of escalating ganetespib doses, given as 1 hour IV infusion, once weekly for 3 weeks, followed by a 1-week rest until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Endpoints included safety, pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic parameters and preliminary clinical activity. RESULTS: Fifty-three patients were treated at doses escalating from 7 to 259 mg/m(2). The most common adverse events were Grade 1 and 2 diarrhea, fatigue, nausea or vomiting. Dose-limiting toxicities (DLT) observed were: one Grade 3 amylase elevation (150 mg/m(2)), one Grade 3 diarrhea and one Grade 3 and one Grade 4 asthenia (259 mg/m(2)). The MTD was 216 mg/m(2) and the recommended phase 2 dose was established at 200 mg/m(2) given IV at Days 1, 8, and 15 every 4 weeks. There was a linear relationship between dose and exposure. Plasma HSP70 protein levels remained elevated for over a week post treatment. Disease control rate (objective response and stable disease at >/= 16 weeks) was 24.4%. CONCLUSIONS: Ganetespib is well tolerated as a weekly infusion for 3 of every 4 weeks cycle. The recommended phase II dose is 200 mg/m(2), and is associated with an acceptable tolerability profile. TRIAL REGISTRATION: NCT00687934.

Multifaceted intervention by the Hsp90 inhibitor ganetespib (STA-9090) in cancer cells with activated JAK/STAT signaling.[Pubmed:21533169]

PLoS One. 2011 Apr 14;6(4):e18552.

There is accumulating evidence that dysregulated JAK signaling occurs in a wide variety of cancer types. In particular, mutations in JAK2 can result in the constitutive activation of STAT transcription factors and lead to oncogenic growth. JAK kinases are established Hsp90 client proteins and here we show that the novel small molecule Hsp90 inhibitor ganetespib (formerly STA-9090) exhibits potent in vitro and in vivo activity in a range of solid and hematological tumor cells that are dependent on JAK2 activity for growth and survival. Of note, ganetespib treatment results in sustained depletion of JAK2, including the constitutively active JAK2(V617F) mutant, with subsequent loss of STAT activity and reduced STAT-target gene expression. In contrast, treatment with the pan-JAK inhibitor P6 results in only transient effects on these processes. Further differentiating these modes of intervention, RNA and protein expression studies show that ganetespib additionally modulates cell cycle regulatory proteins, while P6 does not. The concomitant impact of ganetespib on both cell growth and cell division signaling translates to potent antitumor efficacy in mouse models of xenografts and disseminated JAK/STAT-driven leukemia. Overall, our findings support Hsp90 inhibition as a novel therapeutic approach for combating diseases dependent on JAK/STAT signaling, with the multimodal action of ganetespib demonstrating advantages over JAK-specific inhibitors.

Ganetespib is a heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) inhibitor which exhibits potent cytotoxicity in a wide variety of hematological and solid tumor cell lines.

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