Benazepril

Benazepril, an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, which is a medication used to treat high blood pressure.

Safety of Benazepril in 400 Azotemic and 110 Non-Azotemic Client-Owned Cats (2001-2012).[Pubmed:28282231]

J Am Anim Hosp Assoc. 2017 Mar/Apr;53(2):119-127.

This retrospective study examined cats after initiation of Benazepril therapy to determine the frequency of systemic hypotension or elevations in serum creatinine and/or potassium. Medical records review identified azotemic and non-azotemic cats prescribed Benazepril. Blood pressure was recorded at the first available time after initiation of therapy. No cats experienced documented systolic systemic hypotension (<90 mmHg). Serum creatinine, and potassium when available, were recorded at baseline and in time windows after initiation of treatment: 1-30 days and 31-60 days. Blood chemistry results were screened for hyperkalemia (>/=6.0 mEq/L). During the first 2 mo after starting Benazepril therapy, there was a low incidence (3.7%) and clinically insignificant magnitude of hyperkalemia. Serum creatinine increases of greater than 30% from baseline were noted. This change was found in 11.0% of cats during the first 30 days of therapy and in 13.7% of cats from days 31-60 after initiation of therapy. The long-term survival of the cats that had >30% increases in creatinine from baseline was not statistically different from the survival of those that did not experience these increases, which suggests this finding may not be a reason to discontinue therapy. Benazepril appeared safe in a heterogeneous population of cats.

Fluvastatin combined with benazepril may contribute to the favorable prognosis of patients with atrial fibrillation.[Pubmed:27470569]

Biomed Pharmacother. 2016 Oct;83:687-692.

The aim of this study was to observe the clinical efficacy of fluvastatin combined with Benazepril in the treatment of patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). A total of 92 patients with AF were randomly assigned to the case group (n=46), in which the patients were treated with fluvastatin (80mg) plus Benazepril (10mg), or to the control group (n=46), in which the patients were treated with fluvastatin (80mg). The conversion rate of sinus rhythm was higher in the case group than in the control group (P<0.05). The case group had more treatment-effective patients than the control group, with fewer treatment-ineffective patients (P<0.05). The LVEDd, LVESd, LAD, and LVEF indexes in the case group were lower than in the control group after 6 months of treatment (all P<0.05). Levels of hs-CRP were also lower in patients in the case group than in patients in the control group after 1 month of treatment (P<0.05). After 12 months, renin and Ang II concentrations were lower in patients in the case group than in the control group (both P<0.05). Significant differences in IL-6 and TNF-alpha expression were found between the two groups after 1 month, 6 months, and 12 months of treatment (all P<0.05). Compared to patients in the control group, the levels of total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides, and LDL-C in the case group were lower after 6 and 12 months of treatment (all P<0.05), while the HDL level was higher (P<0.05). Treatment with fluvastatin combined with Benazepril further increased the conversion rate of sinus rhythm and significantly improved the quality of life and prognosis of AF patients.

The effect of renal diet in association with enalapril or benazepril on proteinuria in dogs with proteinuric chronic kidney disease.[Pubmed:27540513]

Open Vet J. 2016;6(2):121-7.

Treating proteinuria in dogs reduces the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD); renal diets and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE)-inhibitors are cornerstones of treatment. Whether different ACE-inhibitors have distinct kidney protective effects is unknown; it is therefore hypothesized that renal diets and enalapril or Benazepril have different beneficial effects in proteinuric CKD dogs. Forty-four dogs with proteinuric CKD (IRIS stages 1-4) were enrolled in the study and were fed renal diet for 30 days. Thereafter, they were randomly assigned to one of 2 groups. Dogs in group A (n=22) received enalapril (0.5 mg/kg, q12h) and in group B (n=22) Benazepril (0.5 mg/kg, q24h); in both groups, dogs were fed the same renal diet. After randomization, dogs were monitored for 120 days. Body weight and body condition score (BCS), serum concentrations of creatinine, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), albumin and total proteins, and urine protein-to-creatinine (UPC) ratio were compared at different time-points. After 30 days of renal diet, creatinine, BUN and UPC ratio decreased significantly (p<0.0001). Compared to randomization, body weight, BCS, albumin, total proteins, creatinine and BUN did not vary during follow-up in the 44 dogs and differences between group A and B were not observed. However, the UPC ratio of group A at day 60, 90 and 150 was significantly lower than in group B and compared to randomization (p<0.05). In group B it did not vary overtime. It is concluded that the renal diet is beneficial to decrease creatinine, BUN and UPC ratio in proteinuric CKD dogs. Enalapril further ameliorates proteinuria if administered along with renal diet.

Pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic modeling of benazepril and benazeprilat after administration of intravenous and oral doses of benazepril in healthy horses.[Pubmed:28371693]

Res Vet Sci. 2017 Oct;114:117-122.

Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) properties of the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) Benazeprilat have not been evaluated in horses. This study was designed to establish PK profiles for Benazepril and Benazeprilat after intravenous (IV) and oral (PO) administration of Benazepril using a PK/PD model. This study also aims to determine the effects of Benazeprilat on serum angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE), selecting the most appropriate dose that suppresses ACE activity. Six healthy horses in a crossover design received IV Benazepril at 0.50mg/kg and PO at doses 0 (placebo), 0.25, 0.50 and 1.00mg/kg. Blood pressures (BP) were measured and blood samples were obtained at different times in order to measure serum drug concentrations and serum ACE activity, using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and spectrophotometry, respectively. Systemic bioavailability of Benazeprilat after PO Benazepril was 3-4%. Maximum ACE inhibitions from baseline were 99.63% (IV Benazepril), 6.77% (placebo) and 78.91%, 85.74% and 89.51% (for the three PO Benazepril doses). Significant differences in BP were not found. Although oral availability was low, Benazeprilat 1.00mg/kg, reached sufficient serum concentrations to induce long lasting serum ACE inhibitions (between 88 and 50%) for the first 48h. Additional research on Benazepril administration in equine patients is indicated.