Polyphyllin DCAS# 50773-41-6 |
Quality Control & MSDS
Number of papers citing our products
Chemical structure
3D structure
| Cas No. | 50773-41-6 | SDF | Download SDF |
| PubChem ID | 11018329 | Appearance | Powder |
| Formula | C44H70O16 | M.Wt | 855.02 |
| Type of Compound | Steroids | Storage | Desiccate at -20°C |
| Solubility | DMSO : 100 mg/mL (116.96 mM; Need ultrasonic) | ||
| Chemical Name | (2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-2-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-5-[(2S,3R,4R,5S)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]oxy-4-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-2-[(1S,2S,4S,5'R,6R,7S,8R,9S,12S,13R,16S)-5',7,9,13-tetramethylspiro[5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icos-18-ene-6,2'-oxane]-16-yl]oxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-6-methyloxane-3,4,5-triol | ||
| SMILES | CC1CCC2(C(C3C(O2)CC4C3(CCC5C4CC=C6C5(CCC(C6)OC7C(C(C(C(O7)CO)OC8C(C(C(O8)CO)O)O)O)OC9C(C(C(C(O9)C)O)O)O)C)C)C)OC1 | ||
| Standard InChIKey | LRRDDWMXYOSKIC-IPKCVOQPSA-N | ||
| Standard InChI | InChI=1S/C44H70O16/c1-19-8-13-44(53-18-19)20(2)30-27(60-44)15-26-24-7-6-22-14-23(9-11-42(22,4)25(24)10-12-43(26,30)5)55-41-38(59-39-35(51)33(49)31(47)21(3)54-39)36(52)37(29(17-46)57-41)58-40-34(50)32(48)28(16-45)56-40/h6,19-21,23-41,45-52H,7-18H2,1-5H3/t19-,20+,21+,23+,24-,25+,26+,27+,28+,29-,30+,31+,32+,33-,34-,35-,36+,37-,38-,39+,40+,41-,42+,43+,44-/m1/s1 | ||
| General tips | For obtaining a higher solubility , please warm the tube at 37 ℃ and shake it in the ultrasonic bath for a while.Stock solution can be stored below -20℃ for several months. We recommend that you prepare and use the solution on the same day. However, if the test schedule requires, the stock solutions can be prepared in advance, and the stock solution must be sealed and stored below -20℃. In general, the stock solution can be kept for several months. Before use, we recommend that you leave the vial at room temperature for at least an hour before opening it. |
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| About Packaging | 1. The packaging of the product may be reversed during transportation, cause the high purity compounds to adhere to the neck or cap of the vial.Take the vail out of its packaging and shake gently until the compounds fall to the bottom of the vial. 2. For liquid products, please centrifuge at 500xg to gather the liquid to the bottom of the vial. 3. Try to avoid loss or contamination during the experiment. |
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| Shipping Condition | Packaging according to customer requirements(5mg, 10mg, 20mg and more). Ship via FedEx, DHL, UPS, EMS or other couriers with RT, or blue ice upon request. | ||
| Description | Polyphyllin D has anti-angiogenic, and anticancer effects, it induces apoptosis via the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway as evidenced by decreased Bcl-2 expression levels, disruption of MMP and increased Bax, cytochrome C and cleaved-caspase-3 levels.Polyphyllin D has toxicity in human RBCs as well as its underlying mechanism for the hemolysis and eryptosis/erythroptosis. |
| Targets | Bcl-2/Bax | Caspase | MMP(e.g.TIMP) | p21 | JNK | Calcium Channel | VEGFR | HIF |
| In vitro | Polyphyllin D induces apoptosis in K562/A02 cells through G2/M phase arrest.[Pubmed: 24325805]J Pharm Pharmacol. 2014 May;66(5):713-21. The effect of Polyphyllin D on inducing cell death of the K562/A02 human leukaemia drug-resistant cells in vitro was examined. Polyphyllin D induces apoptosis in human erythrocytes through Ca²⁺ rise and membrane permeabilization.[Pubmed: 22349056]Arch Toxicol. 2012 May;86(5):741-52.Polyphyllin D (PD) is a potent anticancer agent isolated from a traditional medicinal herb Paris polyphylla that has been used in China for many years to treat cancer. Polyphyllin D is not a substrate of p-glycoprotein, and it can bypass the multi-drug resistance in cancer cell line R-HepG2. However, the effect of Polyphyllin D on the induction of cell death in human erythrocytes remains unknown. Given that Polyphyllin D is a small molecule that can depolarize the mitochondrial membrane potential and release apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) in isolated mitochondria, we hypothesized that the apoptogenic effect of Polyphyllin D in human erythrocytes devoid of mitochondria would be minimal. This study therefore tried to evaluate the in vitro effect of Polyphyllin D on hemolysis and apoptosis in human erythrocytes. |
| In vivo | Polyphyllin D, a steroidal saponin from Paris polyphylla, inhibits endothelial cell functions in vitro and angiogenesis in zebrafish embryos in vivo.[Pubmed: 21658438]J Ethnopharmacol. 2011 Sep 1;137(1):64-9. Angiogenesis, the process of blood vessel formation, is critical to tumour growth. The importance of angiogenesis in tumour development has lead to the development of anti-angiogenic strategies to inhibit tumour growth. In this study, Polyphyllin D (PD), an active component in Chinese herb, Paris polyphylla, was evaluated for its potential anti-angiogenic effects. |
| Kinase Assay | Polyphyllin D induces apoptosis in U87 human glioma cells through the c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase pathway.[Pubmed: 25045920]J Med Food. 2014 Sep;17(9):1036-42.Polyphyllin D (PD), an active component from a traditional medicinal herb Paris polyphylla, which has long been used for the treatment of cancer in Asian countries, has been found to hold significant antitumor activity in vivo or in vitro. However, there were few reports on the effects and underlying mechanism of Polyphyllin D on apoptosis in U87 human glioma cells. |
| Cell Research | Polyphyllin D exerts potent anti-tumour effects on Lewis cancer cells under hypoxic conditions.[Pubmed: 19589245]J Int Med Res. 2009 May-Jun;37(3):631-40.Paris polyphylla has been used to treat cancer in China for many years and components of the plant, such as Polyphyllin D, may have potent antiproliferative effects in vitro. |
Polyphyllin D Dilution Calculator
Polyphyllin D Molarity Calculator
| 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | 20 mg | 25 mg | |
| 1 mM | 1.1696 mL | 5.8478 mL | 11.6956 mL | 23.3913 mL | 29.2391 mL |
| 5 mM | 0.2339 mL | 1.1696 mL | 2.3391 mL | 4.6783 mL | 5.8478 mL |
| 10 mM | 0.117 mL | 0.5848 mL | 1.1696 mL | 2.3391 mL | 2.9239 mL |
| 50 mM | 0.0234 mL | 0.117 mL | 0.2339 mL | 0.4678 mL | 0.5848 mL |
| 100 mM | 0.0117 mL | 0.0585 mL | 0.117 mL | 0.2339 mL | 0.2924 mL |
| * Note: If you are in the process of experiment, it's necessary to make the dilution ratios of the samples. The dilution data above is only for reference. Normally, it's can get a better solubility within lower of Concentrations. | |||||
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Polyphyllin D induces apoptosis in U87 human glioma cells through the c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase pathway.[Pubmed:25045920]
J Med Food. 2014 Sep;17(9):1036-42.
Polyphyllin D (PD), an active component from a traditional medicinal herb Paris polyphylla, which has long been used for the treatment of cancer in Asian countries, has been found to hold significant antitumor activity in vivo or in vitro. However, there were few reports on the effects and underlying mechanism of PD on apoptosis in U87 human glioma cells. The present study was conducted to evaluate apoptotic induction of PD in U87 human glioma cells, and explore its underlying pathway. U87 glioma cells were cultured and treated with varied concentrations of PD (from 10(-8) to 10(-4) M). The inhibition of U87 glioma cell proliferation by PD was assessed by MTT assay. The apoptosis of U87 glioma cells was detected by flow cytometry, and western blot analysis was used to examine human B-cell leukemia/lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), human Bcl-2 associated X protein (Bax), caspase-3, total-c-jun NH2-terminal kinase (t-JNK), and phosphorylation-JNK (p-JNK) protein expression in U87 human glioma cells. The treatment with PD for 24 h significantly inhibited the proliferation of U87 human glioma cells in a concentration-dependent manner. PD increased apoptosis and significantly upregulated the expression of Bax, caspase-3, and p-JNK associated with apoptosis, but downregulated antiapoptotic Bcl-2 expression in U87 human glioma cells. Our data provided evidences that PD induces apoptosis in U87 human glioma cells. This effect might be associated with the JNK pathway.
Polyphyllin D, a steroidal saponin from Paris polyphylla, inhibits endothelial cell functions in vitro and angiogenesis in zebrafish embryos in vivo.[Pubmed:21658438]
J Ethnopharmacol. 2011 Sep 1;137(1):64-9.
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Angiogenesis, the process of blood vessel formation, is critical to tumour growth. The importance of angiogenesis in tumour development has lead to the development of anti-angiogenic strategies to inhibit tumour growth. In this study, Polyphyllin D (PD), an active component in Chinese herb, Paris polyphylla, was evaluated for its potential anti-angiogenic effects. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The inhibitory effects of PD on three important processes involved in angiogenesis, i.e. proliferation, migration and differentiation were examined using human microvascular endothelial cell line HMEC-1 by MTT assay, scratch assay and tube formation assay, respectively. Using zebrafish embryos as an animal model of angiogenesis, the anti-angiogenic effect of PD was further verified in vivo. RESULTS: PD suppressed the growth of HMEC-1 cells at 0.1-0.4 muM without toxic effects. At 0.3 muM and 0.4 muM, PD significantly inhibited endothelial cell migration and capillary tube formation. About 70% of the zebrafish embryos showed defects in intersegmental vessel formation upon treatment with PD at concentrations of 0.156 muM and 0.313 muM. CONCLUSION: The anti-angiogenic effects of PD have been explored in the study which implied a potential therapeutic development of PD in cancer treatment.
Polyphyllin D induces apoptosis in human erythrocytes through Ca(2)(+) rise and membrane permeabilization.[Pubmed:22349056]
Arch Toxicol. 2012 May;86(5):741-52.
Polyphyllin D (PD) is a potent anticancer agent isolated from a traditional medicinal herb Paris polyphylla that has been used in China for many years to treat cancer. PD is not a substrate of p-glycoprotein, and it can bypass the multi-drug resistance in cancer cell line R-HepG2. However, the effect of PD on the induction of cell death in human erythrocytes remains unknown. Given that PD is a small molecule that can depolarize the mitochondrial membrane potential and release apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) in isolated mitochondria, we hypothesized that the apoptogenic effect of PD in human erythrocytes devoid of mitochondria would be minimal. This study therefore tried to evaluate the in vitro effect of PD on hemolysis and apoptosis in human erythrocytes. Apoptosis in human red blood cells (RBCs), also known as eryptosis or erythroptosis, after PD treatment was determined by flow cytometry and confocal microscopy for the phosphatidyl-serine externalization and other apoptosis feature events. False to our prediction, PD caused hemolysis and eryptosis/erythroptosis in human RBCs. Mechanistically, elevation in the cytosolic Ca(2)(+) ion level seems to be a key but not the only mediator in the PD-mediated eryptosis/erythroptosis because depletion of the external Ca(2)(+) could not eliminate the PD effect. Also, PD was able to permeabilize the membrane of RBC ghosts in a way similar to digitonin. Taken together, we report here for the first time the toxicity of PD in human RBCs as well as its underlying mechanism for the hemolysis and eryptosis/erythroptosis.
Polyphyllin D induces apoptosis in K562/A02 cells through G2/M phase arrest.[Pubmed:24325805]
J Pharm Pharmacol. 2014 May;66(5):713-21.
OBJECTIVES: The effect of Polyphyllin D on inducing cell death of the K562/A02 human leukaemia drug-resistant cells in vitro was examined. METHODS: The effect of Polyphyllin D on K562/A02 cells were analysed by studying their cytotoxicity, apoptosis, cell cycle distribution, caspase-3 activity and disruption of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP). KEY FINDINGS: Polyphyllin D, a small molecular monomer extracted from rhizoma of Paris polyphyllin, exhibited strong anticancer activity in a previous study. Our results demonstrate that Polyphyllin D exerts a growth inhibitory effect by arresting cells at G2/M phase and by the induction of apoptosis in K562/A02 human leukaemia drug-resistant cells, G2/M phase arrest was found to be associated with up-regulation of p21 and down-regulation of cyclin B1 and cyclin-dependent protein kinase 1. Polyphyllin D-induced apoptosis via the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway as evidenced by decreased Bcl-2 expression levels, disruption of MMP and increased Bax, cytochrome C and cleaved-caspase-3 levels. CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that Polyphyllin D has a potential as a potent therapeutic agent for chronic myeloid leukaemia.
Polyphyllin D exerts potent anti-tumour effects on Lewis cancer cells under hypoxic conditions.[Pubmed:19589245]
J Int Med Res. 2009 May-Jun;37(3):631-40.
Paris polyphylla has been used to treat cancer in China for many years and components of the plant, such as Polyphyllin D, may have potent antiproliferative effects in vitro. To investigate the potential antitumour effects of Polyphyllin D on cancer cells under hypoxia, Lewis lung cancer cells and mouse tracheal epithelial cells were cultured with or without Polyphyllin D under normoxic and hypoxic conditions. Proliferation and apoptosis of cells were assayed. Real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction was used to quantify the expression of hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF-1alpha) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) mRNA. Polyphyllin D decreased cell proliferation, increased apoptosis and inhibited expression of HIF-1alpha and VEGF mRNAs in Lewis cells. These effects were greater under hypoxic than normoxic conditions. Polyphyllin D did not show a cytotoxic effect in non-tumour cells (mouse skin fibroblasts and tracheal epithelial cells). These results suggest that Polyphyllin D potentially has anticancer effects in vitro under hypoxia.
