Hoechst 33258 analog 3

Description: IC50 Value: N/A Hoechst stains are part of a family of blue fluorescent dyes used to stain DNA. These Bis-benzimides were originally developed by Hoechst AG, which numbered all their compounds so that the dye Hoechst 33342 is the 33342nd compound made by the company. There are three related Hoechst stains: Hoechst 33258, Hoechst 33342, and Hoechst 34580. The dyes Hoechst 33258 and Hoechst 33342 are the ones most commonly used and they have similarexcitation/emission spectra. Both dyes are excited by ultraviolet light at around 350 nm, and both emit blue/cyan fluorescent light around anemission maximum at 461 nm. Unbound dye has its maximum fluorescence emission in the 510-540 nm range. Hoechst dyes are soluble in water and in organic solvents such as dimethyl formamide or dimethyl sulfoxide. Concentrations can be achieved of up to 10 mg/mL. Aqueous solutions are stable at 2-6 °C for at least six months when protected from light. For long-term storage the solutions are instead frozen at ≤-20 °C. The dyes bind to the minor groove of double-stranded DNA with a preference for sequences rich in adenine andthymine. Although the dyes can bind to all nucleic acids, AT-rich double-stranded DNA strands enhance fluorescence considerably. Hoechst dyes are cell-permeable and can bind to DNA in live or fixed cells. Therefore, these stains are often called supravital, which means that cells survive a treatment with these compounds. Cells that express specific ATP-binding cassette transporter proteins can also actively transport these stains out of their cytoplasm. in vitro: N/A in vivo: N/A Clinical trial: N/A

Hydroquinone analog 4-[(Tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2yl) oxy] phenol induces C26 colon cancer cell apoptosis and inhibits tumor growth in vivo.[Pubmed:25651526]

Mol Med Rep. 2015 Jun;11(6):4671-7.

The 4[(Tetrahydro2Hpyran2yl) oxy] phenol (XGd) hydroquinone analog, is found in Vaccinium vitisidaea L. Although it is known for its antioxidant properties and high level of safety, its antitumor activity remains to be elucidated. In the present study, the anticancer effect of XGd was determined in vitro and in vivo. The cytotoxicity of XGd against C26 murine colon carcinoma cells was found to occur in a time and concentrationdependent manner, whereas little effect was observed in the two normal cell lines (HK2 and L02) investigated. Oral administration of XGd (100 mg/kg) had effects on the tumor growth of tumorbearing mice. Furthermore, marked apoptosis was observed using Hoechst 33258 staining and flow cytometric analysis with annexin V/propidium iodide double staining. XGd also downregulated the expression of Bcell lymphoma 2 (Bcl2), increased the expression levels of Bcl2associated X protein and activated caspase9, caspase3 and poly(adenosine diphosphateribose) polymerase. The present study demonstrated for the first time, to the best of our knowledge, that XGd inhibited cancer cell growth via the induction of apoptosis and was also able to inhibit tumor growth in vivo. These results demonstrated that XGd may be used as a potential natural agent for cancer therapy with low toxicity.

Identification of the key pathway of oxazolinoanthracyclines mechanism of action in cells derived from human solid tumors.[Pubmed:27780733]

Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2016 Dec 15;313:159-169.

Oxazolinodoxorubicin (O-DOX) and oxazolinodaunorubicin (O-DAU) are novel anthracycline derivatives with a modified daunosamine moiety. In the present study, we evaluated the cytotoxicities, genotoxicities and abilities of O-DOX and O-DAU to induce apoptosis in cancer cell lines (SKOV-3; A549; HepG2), and compared the results with their parent drugs. We assessed antiproliferative activity by MTT assay. We evaluated apoptosis-inducing ability by double-staining with fluorescent probes (Hoechst 33258/propidium iodide), and by determining expression levels of genes involved in programmed cell death by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Genotoxicities of the compounds were tested by comet assays. Oxazolinoanthracyclines demonstrated high anti-tumor activity. O-DOX had significantly higher cytotoxicity, apoptosis-inducing ability, and genotoxicity compared with parental doxorubicin (DOX) in all tested conditions, while O-DAU activity differed among cell lines. The mechanism of oxazoline analog action appeared to involve the mitochondrial pathway of programmed cell death. These results provide further information about oxazoline derivatives of commonly used anthracycline chemotherapy agents. O-DOX and O-DAU have the ability to induce apoptosis in tumor cells.

Da0324, an inhibitor of nuclear factor-kappaB activation, demonstrates selective antitumor activity on human gastric cancer cells.[Pubmed:27042000]

Drug Des Devel Ther. 2016 Mar 2;10:979-95.

BACKGROUND: The transcription factor nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) is constitutively activated in a variety of human cancers, including gastric cancer. NF-kappaB inhibitors that selectively kill cancer cells are urgently needed for cancer treatment. Curcumin is a potent inhibitor of NF-kappaB activation. Unfortunately, the therapeutic potential of curcumin is limited by its relatively low potency and poor cellular bioavailability. In this study, we presented a novel NF-kappaB inhibitor named Da0324, a synthetic asymmetric mono-carbonyl analog of curcumin. The purpose of this study is to research the expression of NF-kappaB in gastric cancer and the antitumor activity and mechanism of Da0324 on human gastric cancer cells. METHODS: The expressions between gastric cancer tissues/cells and normal gastric tissues/cells of NF-kappaB were evaluated by Western blot. The inhibition viability of compounds on human gastric cancer cell lines SGC-7901, BGC-823, MGC-803, and normal gastric mucosa epithelial cell line GES-1 was assessed with the 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. Absorption spectrum method and high-performance liquid chromatography method detected the stability of the compound in vitro. The compound-induced changes of inducible NF-kappaB activation in the SGC-7901 and BGC-823 cells were examined by Western blot analysis and immunofluorescence methods. The antitumor activity of compound was performed by clonogenic assay, matrigel invasion assay, flow cytometric analysis, Western blot analysis, and Hoechst 33258 staining assay. RESULTS: High levels of p65 were found in gastric cancer tissues and cells. Da0324 displayed higher growth inhibition against several types of gastric cancer cell lines and showed relatively low toxicity to GES-1. Moreover, Da0324 was more stable than curcumin in vitro. Western blot analysis and immunofluorescence methods showed that Da0324 blocked NF-kappaB activation. In addition, Da0324 significantly inhibited tumor proliferation and invasion, arrested the cell cycle, and induced apoptosis in vitro. CONCLUSION: The asymmetric mono-carbonyl analog of curcumin Da0324 exhibited significantly improved antigastric cancer activity. Da0324 may be a promising NF-kappaB inhibitor for the selective targeting of cancer cells. However, further studies are needed in animals to validate these findings for the therapeutic use of Da0324.

Mechanism of apoptotic induction in human breast cancer cell, MCF-7, by an analog of curcumin in comparison with curcumin--an in vitro and in silico approach.[Pubmed:24365254]

Chem Biol Interact. 2014 Mar 5;210:51-63.

In developing countries, survival rates for breast cancer are poor and it accounts for 22.9% of all cancers in women. Curcumin, a major constituent from turmeric, is one of the well-known chemopreventive agents. Reports have shown that curcumin induces apoptosis in breast cancer cells. We synthesized an ortho-hydroxy substituted analog of curcumin (BDMC-A) and analyzed its cytotoxicity. The BDMC-A inhibited MCF-7 at a dose equivalent to that of curcumin (30 muM). The present study was aimed at delineating the apoptotic mechanism of BDMC-A in comparison to that of curcumin. In our study, BDMC-A exerted more potent effect on the modulation of selective apoptotic markers (intrinsic pathway: p53, Bcl-2, Bax, cyt c, Apaf-1, caspase-9, 3, PARP; extrinsic pathway: FasL, caspase 8) compared to curcumin. mRNA expression studies for Bcl2/Bax also supported the increased efficacy of BDMC-A. An in silico molecular docking study with PI3K revealed that the docking of BDMC-A was more potent compared to curcumin. Increased apoptotic induction by BDMC-A compared to curcumin was also demonstrated by Annexin V, Rh123 (DeltaPsim), PI, Hoechst 33258, AO/EB fluorescent staining studies which showed characteristic apoptotic features like nuclear fragmentation and chromatin condensation. Moreover, BDMC-A treated cells effectively induced apoptosis through ROS intermediates compared to curcumin, as measured by 2'-7'-Dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA). Hence our overall results showed that BDMC-A induced apoptosis more effectively compared to curcumin and the activity can be attributed to the presence of hydroxyl group in the ortho position in its structure. Further researches are going on to delineate its molecular targets to evaluate its effect as a potent anticancer agent.

S-benzyl-cysteine-mediated cell cycle arrest and apoptosis involving activation of mitochondrial-dependent caspase cascade through the p53 pathway in human gastric cancer SGC-7901 cells.[Pubmed:24377536]

Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2013;14(11):6379-84.

S-benzyl-cysteine (SBC) is a structural analog of S-allylcysteine (SAC), which is one of the major water- soluble compounds in aged garlic extract. In this study, anticancer activities and the underlying mechanisms of SBC action were investigated and compared these with those of SAC using human gastric cancer SGC-7901 cells. SBC significantly suppressed the survival rate of SGC-7901 cells in a concentration- and time-dependent manner, and the inhibitory activities of SBC were stronger than those of SAC. Flow cytometry revealed that SBC induced G2-phase arrest and apoptosis in SGC-7901 cells. Typical apoptotic morphological changes were observed by Hoechst 33258 dye assay. SBC-treatment dramatically induced the dissipation of mitochondrial membrane potential (Deltapsim), and enhanced the enzymatic activities of caspase-9 and caspase-3 whilst hardly affecting caspase-8 activity. Furthermore, Western blotting indicated that SBC-induced apoptosis was accompanied by up-regulation of the expression of p53, Bax and the down-regulation of Bcl-2. Taken together, this study suggested that SBC exerts cytotoxic activity involving activation of mitochondrial-dependent apoptosis through p53 and Bax/Bcl-2 pathways in human gastric cancer SGC-7901 cells.