TG100713

IC50 (PI3Kγ, PI3Kδ, PI3Kα and PI3Kβ): 50 nM, 24 nM, 165 nM and 215 nM

TG100713 is a pan-PI3K inhibitor against PI3Kγ, PI3Kδ, PI3Kα and PI3Kβ.

PI3Kγ and PI3Kδ are a pair of pro-inflammatory PI3K isoforms that contribute to the inflammation that damages ischemia tissues upon reperfusion. Phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3Ks) are benefit to pro-cell survival roles during tissue iscg the reperfusion phhemia. Therefore, it is possible that selectively inhibiting pro-inflammatory PI3K isoforms durinase could ultimately control overall tissue damage caused by ischemia/reperfusion injuries such as myocardial infarction.

In vitro: Modeling studies suggested that the freedom of conformational rotation permitted by ring substituents controls isoform selectivity. Although substituent ring of TG100-115, TG100713, and TG101110 all require energy minima at 30–40°, angles diverge of each compound results in paying differing penalties from this range. TG100-115 displays the greatest barrier to rotation and finally is the most isoform selective, TG100713 has the most conformational flexibility (ring A being almost freely rotatable with maxima ≈5 kcal; 1 kcal = 4.18 kJ), suggesting the least selective, and TG101110 lies an intermediate position (several conformations ≦10 but some >>50 kcal) [1].

In vivo: The minimum structure which satisfies all three requirements is shown in TG100713, which so far has also displayed the best PI3K binding activity. Interestingly, the SAR profiles generating correlate quite well with the results of the initial in vivo screen further supports the involvement of PI3K as a target for inhibiting vascular permeability in related compounds [2].

Clinical trial: So far, no clinical study has been conducted.

References:
[1] Doukas J, Wrasidlo W, Noronha G, Dneprovskaia E, Fine R, Weis S, Hood J, Demaria A, Soll R, Cheresh D.  Phosphoinositide 3-kinase gamma/delta inhibition limits infarct size after myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2006 Dec 26; 103(52):19866-71.
[2] Palanki MS, Dneprovskaia E, Doukas J, Fine RM, Hood J, Kang X, Lohse D, Martin M, Noronha G, Soll RM, Wrasidlo W, Yee S, Zhu H.  Discovery of 3,3'-(2,4-diaminopteridine-6,7-diyl)diphenol as an isozyme-selective inhibitor of PI3K for the treatment of ischemia reperfusion injury associated with myocardial infarction. J Med Chem. 2007 Sep 6;50(18):4279-94. Epub 2007 Aug 9.

Discovery of 3,3'-(2,4-diaminopteridine-6,7-diyl)diphenol as an isozyme-selective inhibitor of PI3K for the treatment of ischemia reperfusion injury associated with myocardial infarction.[Pubmed:17685602]

J Med Chem. 2007 Sep 6;50(18):4279-94.

In studies aimed toward identifying effective and safe inhibitors of kinase signaling cascades that underlie ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury, we synthesized a series of pteridines and pyridopyrazines. The design strategy was inspired by the examination of naturally occurring PI3K inhibitors such as wortmannin and quercetin, and building a pharmacophore-based model used for optimization. Structural modifications led to hybrid molecules which incorporated aminopyrimidine and aminopyridine moieties with ATP mimetic characteristics into the pharmacophore motifs to modulate kinase affinity and selectivity. Elaborations involving substitutions of the 2 and 4 positions of the pyrimidine or pyridine ring and the 6 and 7 positions of the central pyrazine ring resulted in in vivo activity profiles which identified potent inhibitors of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) induced vascular leakage. Pathway analysis identified a diaminopteridine-diphenol as a potent and selective phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor. The structure-activity relationship studies of various analogues of diaminopteridine-diphenol-based on biochemical assays resulted in potent inhibitors of PI3K.

Phosphoinositide 3-kinase gamma/delta inhibition limits infarct size after myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury.[Pubmed:17172449]

Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2006 Dec 26;103(52):19866-71.

Although phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3Ks) play beneficial pro-cell survival roles during tissue ischemia, some isoforms (gamma and delta) paradoxically contribute to the inflammation that damages these same tissues upon reperfusion. We therefore considered the possibility that selectively inhibiting proinflammatory PI3K isoforms during the reperfusion phase could ultimately limit overall tissue damage seen in ischemia/reperfusion injuries such as myocardial infarction. Panreactive and isoform-restricted PI3K inhibitors were identified by screening a novel chemical family; molecular modeling studies attributed isoform specificity based on rotational freedom of substituent groups. One compound (TG100-115) identified as a selective PI3K gamma/delta inhibitor potently inhibited edema and inflammation in response to multiple mediators known to participate in myocardial infarction, including vascular endothelial growth factor and platelet-activating factor; by contrast, endothelial cell mitogenesis, a repair process important to tissue survival after ischemic damage, was not disrupted. In rigorous animal MI models, TG100-115 provided potent cardioprotection, reducing infarct development and preserving myocardial function. Importantly, this was achieved when dosing well after myocardial reperfusion (up to 3 h after), the same time period when patients are most accessible for therapeutic intervention. In conclusion, by targeting pathologic events occurring relatively late in myocardial damage, we have identified a potential means of addressing an elusive clinical goal: meaningful cardioprotection in the postreperfusion time period.

PI 3-kinase inhibitor,TG100713 is a pan-PI3K inhibitor against PI3Kγ, PI3Kδ, PI3Kα and PI3Kβ with IC50 of 50 nM, 24 nM, 165 nM and 215 nM, respectively.

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