SAR405

SAR405 is a selective ATP-competitive inhibitor of Vps34 with a Kd value of 1.5 nM.
Vps34 is a phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) class III isoform that plays important role in autophagy. Vps34 was originally described in yeast to be involved in vesicle trafficking. SAR405 is a first-in-class catalytic Vps34 inhibitor and represents a unique pharmacological tool to investigate the biology around this protein. This compound has an exquisite protein and lipid kinase selectivity profile that is explained by its unique binding mode and molecular interactions within the ATP binding cleft of human Vps34. This is the first potent and specific Vps34 inhibitor described so far. Inhibition of Vps34 kinase activity by SAR405 affects both late endosome-lysosome compartments and prevents autophagy.
Using SAR405, inhibition of Vps34 did not affect early events of endocytosis but resulted in an accumulation of swollen late endosome-lysosomes. A defect of cathepsin D maturation was also identified upon treatment with SAR405, indicating that the function of lysosomes is impaired. This result is in agreement with a previous report using Vps34 siRNA, which affects vesicle trafficking from late endosomes to lysosomes.
SAR405 had an IC50 of 1 nM in the phosphorylation of a PtdIns substrate by human recombinant Vps34 enzyme. This relocalization of the GFP-FYVE indicated that SAR405 inhibits PtdIns3P formation. As SAR405 was found to not be active up to 10 μM on class I and class II PI3Ks as well as on mTOR. Binding of SAR405 to the ATP site of protein and lipid kinases from the lysate of Jurkat cells was measured after incubation at 1μM, which is more than 600-fold the KD for recombinant Vps34. SAR405 did not affect the Akt phosphorylation in the PC3 cell line at concentrations up to 10 μM.
References:
[1]. Ronan B, Flamand O1, Vescovi L et al. A highly potent and selective Vps34 inhibitor alters vesicle trafficking and autophagy. Nat Chem Biol. 2014 Dec;10(12):1013-9.

SAR405, a PIK3C3/Vps34 inhibitor that prevents autophagy and synergizes with MTOR inhibition in tumor cells.[Pubmed:25905679]

Autophagy. 2015 Apr 3;11(4):725-6.

Autophagy plays an important role in cancer and it has been suggested that it functions not only as a tumor suppressor pathway to prevent tumor initiation, but also as a prosurvival pathway that helps tumor cells endure metabolic stress and resist death triggered by chemotherapeutic agents. We recently described the discovery of inhibitors of PIK3C3/Vps34 (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, catalytic subunit type 3), the lipid kinase component of the class III phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PtdIns3K). This PtdIns3K isoform has attracted significant attention in recent years because of its role in autophagy. Following chemical optimization we identified SAR405, a low molecular mass kinase inhibitor of PIK3C3, highly potent and selective with regard to other lipid and protein kinases. We demonstrated that inhibiting the catalytic activity of PIK3C3 disrupts vesicle trafficking from late endosomes to lysosomes. SAR405 treatment also inhibits autophagy induced either by starvation or by MTOR (mechanistic target of rapamycin) inhibition. Finally our results show that combining SAR405 with everolimus, the FDA-approved MTOR inhibitor, results in a significant synergy on the reduction of cell proliferation using renal tumor cells. This result indicates a potential therapeutic application for PIK3C3 inhibitors in cancer.

SAR405 is a first-in-class, selective, and ATP-competitive PI3K class III (PIK3C3) isoform Vps34 inhibitor (IC50=1.2 nM; Kd=1.5 nM). SAR405 inhibits autophagy induced either by starvation or by mTOR inhibition. Anticancer activity.

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