Auristatin F

Auristatin F is a cytotoxic tubulin modifier with potent and selective antitumor activity; MMAF analog and cytotoxin in Antibody-drug conjugates.

References:
[1]. Temming K, et al. Improved efficacy of alphavbeta3-targeted albumin conjugates by conjugation of a novel auristatin derivative. Mol Pharm. 2007 Sep-Oct;4(5):686-94. [2]. Doronina SO, et al. Enhanced activity of monomethylauristatin F through monoclonal antibody delivery: effects of linker technology on efficacy and toxicity. Bioconjug Chem. 2006 Jan-Feb;17(1):114-24.

Native intact mass determination of antibodies conjugated with monomethyl Auristatin E and F at interchain cysteine residues.[Pubmed:22384990]

Anal Chem. 2012 Mar 20;84(6):2843-9.

We present here a method for the rapid determination of the intact mass of noncovalently associated antibody heavy chains (HC) and light chains (LC) which result from the attachment of drug conjugates to interchain cysteine residues. By analyzing the antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) using native desalting conditions, we maintain the intact bivalent structure of the ADC, which ordinarily would decompose as a consequence of denaturing chromatographic conditions typically used for liquid chromatographic-mass spectrometric (LC-MS) analysis. The mass of the desalted ADC is subsequently determined using standard desolvation and ionization conditions. Methods presented previously in the literature for analyzing interchain cysteinyl-linked ADCs are either not amenable to online mass spectrometry or result in the denaturing dissociation of conjugated HC and LC during chromatographic separation and subsequent mass measurement. We have avoided this outcome with our method and have successfully and routinely obtained intact mass measurement of IgG1 mAbs conjugated with maleimidocaproyl-monomethyl Auristatin F (mcMMAF) and valine-citrulline-monomethyl Auristatin E (vcMMAE) at interchain cysteine residues. Our results thus represent the first reported direct measurement of the intact mass of an ADC conjugated at interchain cysteine residues.

The efficient elimination of solid tumor cells by EGFR-specific and HER2-specific scFv-SNAP fusion proteins conjugated to benzylguanine-modified auristatin F.[Pubmed:27502168]

Cancer Lett. 2016 Oct 28;381(2):323-30.

Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) combine the potency of cytotoxic drugs with the specificity of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). Most ADCs are currently generated by the nonspecific conjugation of drug-linker reagents to certain amino acid residues in mAbs, resulting in a heterogeneous product. To overcome this limitation and prepare ADCs with a defined stoichiometry, we use SNAP-tag technology as an alternative conjugation strategy. This allows the site-specific conjugation of O(6)-benzylguanine (BG)-modified small molecules to SNAP-tag fusion proteins. To demonstrate the suitability of this system for the preparation of novel recombinant ADCs, here we conjugated SNAP-tagged single chain antibody fragments (scFvs) to a BG-modified version of Auristatin F (AURIF). We used two scFv-SNAP fusion proteins targeting members of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) family that are frequently overexpressed in breast cancer. The conjugation of BG-AURIF to EGFR-specific 425(scFv)-SNAP and HER2-specific alphaHER2(scFv)-SNAP resulted in two potent recombinant ADCs that specifically killed breast cancer cell lines by inducing apoptosis when applied at nanomolar concentrations. These data confirm that SNAP-tag technology is a promising tool for the generation of novel recombinant ADCs.

A Novel Platinum(II)-Based Bifunctional ADC Linker Benchmarked Using 89Zr-Desferal and Auristatin F-Conjugated Trastuzumab.[Pubmed:27872093]

Cancer Res. 2017 Jan 15;77(2):257-267.

Greater control is desirable in the stochastic conjugation technology used to synthesize antibody-drug conjugates (ADC). We have shown recently that a fluorescent dye can be stably conjugated to a mAb using a bifunctional platinum(II) linker. Here, we describe the general applicability of this novel linker technology for the preparation of stable and efficacious ADCs. The ethylenediamine platinum(II) moiety, herein called Lx, was coordinated to Desferal (DFO) or Auristatin F (AF) to provide storable "semifinal" products, which were directly conjugated to unmodified mAbs. Conjugation resulted in ADCs with unimpaired mAb-binding characteristics, DAR in the range of 2.5 to 2.7 and approximately 85% payload bound to the Fc region, presumably to histidine residues. To evaluate the in vivo stability of Lx and its effect on pharmacokinetics and tumor targeting of an ADC, Lx-DFO was conjugated to the HER2 mAb trastuzumab, followed by radiolabeling with (89)Zr. Trastuzumab-Lx-DFO-(89)Zr was stable in vivo and exhibited pharmacokinetic and tumor-targeting properties similar to parental trastuzumab. In a xenograft mouse model of gastric cancer (NCI-N87) or an ado-trastuzumab emtansine-resistant breast cancer (JIMT-1), a single dose of trastuzumab-Lx-AF outperformed its maleimide benchmark trastuzumab-Mal-AF and FDA-approved ado-trastuzumab emtansine. Overall, our findings show the potential of the Lx technology as a robust conjugation platform for the preparation of anticancer ADCs. Cancer Res; 77(2); 257-67. (c)2016 AACR.

Auristatin F is a potent cytotoxin. Auristatin F, a potent microtubule inhibitor and vascular damaging agent (VDA), can be used in antibody-drug conjugates (ADC).

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