Polygalacin D

The roots of Polygala tenuifolia Willd

Inhibition of inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase II by Platycodon grandiflorum saponins via suppression of nuclear factor-kappaB activation in RAW 264.7 cells.[Pubmed:15748625]

Life Sci. 2005 Apr 1;76(20):2315-28.

Saponins are glycosidic compounds present in many edible and inedible plants. They exhibit potent biological activities in mammalian systems, including several beneficial effects such as anti-inflammation and immunomodulation. In this study, we investigated the effects of seven platycodin saponins on the activities of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase II (COX-2) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW 264.7 macrophages. We found that 2"-O-acetyl Polygalacin D (S1), platycodin A (S2), platycodin D (S3), and Polygalacin D (S6) inhibited LPS-induced NO production in a concentration-dependent manner. Furthermore, these compounds inhibited the expression of LPS-induced iNOS and COX-2 protein and mRNA without an appreciable cytotoxic effect on RAW 264.7 macrophages, and could suppress induction by LPS of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). Treatment with these compounds of RAW 264.7 cells transfected with a reporter construct indicated a reduced level of LPS-induced nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) activity and effectively lowered NF-kappaB binding as measured by electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA). The suppression of NF-kappaB activation appears to occur through the prevention of inhibitor kappaB (IkappaB) degradation. In vivo, platycodin saponin mixture (PS) and S3 protected mice from the lethal effects of LPS. The 89% lethality induced by LPS/galactosamine was reduced to 60% and 50% when PS and S3, respectively, were administered simultaneously with LPS. These results suggest that the main inhibitory mechanism of the platycodin saponins may be the reduction of iNOS and COX-2 gene expression through blocking of NF-kappaB activation.

Two new oleanane-type triterpenoids from Platycodi Radix and anti-proliferative activity in HSC-T6 cells.[Pubmed:23519261]

Molecules. 2012 Dec 13;17(12):14899-907.

Two new oleanane-type triterpenoids, named platycodonoids A and B (1, 2), together with five known saponins, including platycodin D (3), deapioplatycodin D (4), 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl polygalacic acid (5), 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl platycodigenin (6) and Polygalacin D (7), were isolated from the roots of Platycodon grandiflorum. On the basis of spectral data and chemical evidence, the structures of the new compounds were elucidated as 2beta,3beta,23,24-tetrahydroxy-28-nor-olean-12-en-16-one (1) and 2beta,3beta,23,24- tetrahydroxy-28-nor-olean-12-en-16-one-3-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (2). Compounds 1-7 were evaluated for their in vitro anti-proliferative activity against the HSC-T6 cell line.

Polygalacin D (PGD) is a bioactive compound isolated from Platycodon grandiflorum (Jacq.) with anticancer and anti-proliferative properties. PGD suppresses the expression of the IAP family of proteins including survivin, cIAP-1 and cIAP-2 and blocks the PI3K/Akt pathway by inhibiting the phosphorylation of GSK3β, Akt and the expression of PI3K. Polygalacin D induces apoptosis

Polygalacin D,66663-91-0,Natural Products, buy Polygalacin D , Polygalacin D supplier , purchase Polygalacin D , Polygalacin D cost , Polygalacin D manufacturer , order Polygalacin D , high purity Polygalacin D