BYK 191023 dihydrochloride

IC50: 86 nM for iNOS

NO synthases are enzymes responsible for the generation of nitric oxide from the amino acid L-arginine. Once expressed the inducible NO synthase (iNOS) is active and produces μM concentrations of NO over longer periods. The iNOS expression is stimulated in various cells by proinflammatory signals and is involved in immune defense. BYK191023 is a selective inhibitor of the inducible nitric-oxide synthase (NOS).

In vitro: BYK191023 showed half-maximal inhibition of crudely purified human inducible, neuronal, and endothelial NO synthases at 86 nM, 17 μM, and 162 μM, respectively. The ihibition of inducible NO synthase was competitive with L-arginine, pointing to an interaction of BYK191023 with the catalytic center of the enzyme. BYK191023 did not show any toxicity in various rodent and human cell lines up to high micromolar concentrations [1].

In vivo: Authors tested the in vivo potency of BYK191023 in rat models of lipopolysaccharide-induced systemic inflammation. Delayed administration of BYK191023 suppressed the LPS-induced increase in plasma nitrate/nitrite (NOx) levels with an ED50 of 14.9 μmol/kg/h dose-dependently. In a systemic hypotension model following high-dose lipopolysaccharide challenge, curative administration of BYK191023 at a dose that inhibited 83% of the Nox increase completely prevented the gradual decrease in mean arterial blood pressure observed in control animals [2].

Clinical trial: Up to now, BYK191023 is still in the preclinical development stage.

Reference:
[1] Andreas Strub, Wolf-Rudiger Ulrich, Christian Hesslinger, Manfrid Eltze, Thomas Fuch?, Jochen Strassner, Susanne Strand, Martin D.  Lehner, and Rainer Boer. The Novel Imidazopyridine 2-[2-(4-Methoxy-pyridin-2-yl)-ethyl]-3H-imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (BYK191023) Is a Highly Selective Inhibitor of the Inducible Nitric-Oxide Synthase. Mol Pharmacol 69:328–337, 2006
[2] Martin D.  Lehner, Degenhard Marx, Rainer Boer, Andreas Strub, Christian Hesslinger, Manfrid Eltze, Wolf-Rudiger Ulrich, Frank Schwoebel, Ralph Theo Schermuly, and Johannes Barsig. In Vivo Characterization of the Novel Imidazopyridine BYK191023 [2-[2-(4-Methoxy-pyridin-2-yl)-ethyl]-3Himidazo[4,5-b]pyridine], a Potent and Highly Selective Inhibitor of Inducible Nitric-Oxide Synthase. JPET 317:181–187, 2006

In vivo characterization of the novel imidazopyridine BYK191023 [2-[2-(4-methoxy-pyridin-2-yl)-ethyl]-3H-imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine], a potent and highly selective inhibitor of inducible nitric-oxide synthase.[Pubmed:16368897]

J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2006 Apr;317(1):181-7.

Excessive release of nitric oxide from inducible nitric-oxide synthase (iNOS) has been postulated to contribute to pathology in a number of inflammatory diseases. We recently identified imidazopyridine derivatives as a novel class of potent nitricoxide synthase inhibitors with high selectivity for the inducible isoform. In the present study, we tested the in vivo potency of BYK191023 [2-[2-(4-methoxy-pyridin-2-yl)-ethyl]-3H-imidazo-[4,5-b]pyridine], a selected member of this inhibitor class, in three different rat models of lipopolysaccharide-induced systemic inflammation. Delayed administration of BYK191023 dose-dependently suppressed the lipopolysaccharide-induced increase in plasma nitrate/nitrite (NO(x)) levels with an ED(50) of 14.9 micromol/kg/h. In a model of systemic hypotension following high-dose lipopolysaccharide challenge, curative administration of BYK191023 at a dose that inhibited 83% of the NO(x) increase completely prevented the gradual decrease in mean arterial blood pressure observed in vehicle-treated control animals. The vasopressor effect was specific for endotoxemic animals since BYK191023 did not affect blood pressure in saline-challenged controls. In addition, in a model of lipopolysaccharide-induced vascular hyporesponsiveness, BYK191023 infusion partially restored normal blood pressure responses to norepinephrine and sodium nitroprusside via an l-arginine competitive mechanism. Taken together, BYK191023 is a member of a novel class of highly isoform-selective iNOS inhibitors with promising in vivo activity suitable for mechanistic studies on the role of selective iNOS inhibition as well as clinical development.