Hematoxylin

The heartwood of Caesalpinia sappan

Hematoxylin is a natural product.

References:
[1]. EF Kingston, et al. Vascular invasion is underrecognized in colorectal cancer using conventional hematoxylin and eosin staining. 《Diseases of the Colon & Rectum》, 2007, 50(11):1867-1872 [2]. JE Grilley-Olson, et al. Validation of interobserver agreement in lung cancer assessment: hematoxylin-eosin diagnostic reproducibility for non-small cell lung cancer: the 2004 World Health Organization classification and therapeutically relevant subsets. [3]. HR Zare, et al. Simultaneous determination of ascorbic acid, adrenaline and uric acid at a hematoxylin multi-wall carbon nanotube modified glassy carbon electrode. Sensors & Actuators B Chemical, 2010, 143(2):666-672

In situ hybridization in the pathology laboratory: general principles, automation, and emerging research applications for tissue-based studies of gene expression.[Pubmed:15614613]

J Mol Histol. 2004 Aug;35(6):595-601.

Diagnostic anatomic pathologists play an important role in the care of patients through their careful evaluation of morphological features in routinely prepared histological sections stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin. Morphological assessment of tissue sections, backed by over one hundred years of experience is powerful and allows for the accurate classification and diagnosis of the majority of disease states within pathologically altered tissues. However, the appearance of cells and their architectural arrangement within a morphologically complex tissue represents only a fraction of the information, which is contained within a histological section. These tissues also contain all of the cellular proteins and expressed genes, which help to ultimately determine the biological behavior of cells, as well as provide clues to the origins and pathogenesis of disease states. Technical and theoretical advances in our understanding of cellular biology have provided pathologists with powerful tools to probe beyond pure morphology into the abnormalities in both protein and gene expression that underlie human disease. These tools, which include immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization, are playing an increasingly important role in diagnostic pathology, as well as in translational research. This review will focus on the emerging role of in situ hybridization within clinical and research laboratories, and will highlight a number of technical advances that have expanded the application of this technology.

Effect of brain edema on infarct volume in a focal cerebral ischemia model in rats.[Pubmed:8418534]

Stroke. 1993 Jan;24(1):117-21.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Infarct volume is one of the common indexes for assessing the extent of ischemic brain injury following focal cerebral ischemia. Accuracy in the measurement of infarct volume is compounded by postischemic brain edema that may increase brain volume in the infarcted region. We evaluated the effect of brain edema on infarct volume determined by triphenyltetrazolium chloride and Hematoxylin and eosin stains in a focal cerebral ischemia model in rats. METHODS: In a middle cerebral artery occlusion model in rats, infarction is confined to the cerebral cortex. The infarct was delineated by triphenyltetrazolium chloride stain and, in selected samples, by Hematoxylin and eosin stain. We determined infarct size at different times after the ischemic insult (6 hours to 7 days) in relation to the evolution of brain edema by the direct measurement of infarct volume. Indirect measurement to reduce the effect of edema on infarct volume was also conducted in the same brain samples. RESULTS: Direct measurement showed that infarct volume fluctuated with the evolution of brain edema (one-way analysis of variance, p < 0.0001). Infarct volume determined by indirect measurement was independent of the extent of brain edema and remained stable from 6 hours to 3 days after ischemia. There was a good correlation between triphenyltetrazolium chloride and Hematoxylin and eosin stains in delineating infarct volume with both direct and indirect measurement. CONCLUSION: Traditional direct measurement of infarct volume is associated with an overestimation of infarct volume during the development of brain edema in the first 3 days after ischemia. This artifact can be reduced with indirect measurement, which is based on noninfarcted cortex volume.

Hematoxylin (Hydroxybrazilin) is a compound that forms strongly colored complexes with certain metal ions, notably Fe(III) and Al(III) salts and a kind of stain in histology.

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