Cefixime

Cefixime is an antibiotic and a third generation cephalosporin antibiotic, useful for the treatment of a number of bacterial infections.

Antibiotics Used in Patients after Surgery and Effects of Human Serum Paraoxonase-I (PON1) Enzyme Activity.[Pubmed:30678610]

Protein Pept Lett. 2019;26(3):215-220.

BACKGROUND: Paraoxonase (PON; arilesterase, [EC 3.1.8.1]) is an enzyme from the group arilesterases (ARE). This enzyme is capable of hydrolyzing paraoxone which is the active metabolite of parathion, an organic phosphorus insecticide. PON activity was found to be low in individuals prone to development of atherosclerosis such as diabetes, familial hypercholesterolemia and kidney disorders. It was noted that PON enzyme activity decreases in relation to age increase in adults. PON enzyme activity is approximately half of that in newborns and premature babies. Approximately one year after birth, it reaches the adult level. It can be said that PON1 has significant role on living organisms. For this reason, many studies on interactions of PON-drugs are needed. OBJECTIVE: In this article, our aim is to investigate in vitro effects of four pharmaceutically active agents (fosfomycin, cefuroxime axetil, cefaclor monohydrate, and Cefixime) which are often used in patients after surgery on human serum paraoxanase-I (PON1) enzyme activity. METHODS: In this article, we purify paraoxonase-I enzyme from human serum by using ammonium sulfate precipitation (in the range of 60-80%), ion exchange and gel filtration chromatography. We use electrophoresis to check the purity of the enzyme. We investigate the paraoxonase activity of the enzyme at 412 nm the inhibition effects of the active substances. Paraoxone is used as the substrate. Activity measurements arw made at different inhibitor concentrations related to inhibitor studies and % Activity- [I] graphs are drawn for drug active substances. Lineweaver-Burk graphics are used to determine the Ki constants. Finally, to determine the types of inhibition we interpret these graphs. RESULTS: The active agents used after surgery decreased the PON1 enzyme activity. They showed different inhibition mechanism. The inhibition mechanism of fosfomycin and cefaclor monohydrate was noncompetitive, Cefixime was uncompetitive and cefuroxime axetil was a competitive inhibitor. The IC50 values for fosfomycin, cefuroxime axetil, cefaclor monohydrate, and Cefixime were calculated to be 31.5 mM, 1.03 mM, 4.18 mM and 0.781 mM, respectively, and the Ki constants were determined to be 27.98 +/- 12.25 mM, 2.20 +/- 0.22 mM, 4.81 +/- 2.25 mM and 1.12 +/- 0.32 mM, respectively. The IC50 and Ki values showed that Cefixime active agent has the maximum inhibition. CONCLUSION: In this study, we have detected that cefuroxime axetil inhibited competitively in vitro paraoxonase activity of this enzyme. According to this information, we thought that cefuroxime axetil linked to the active site of the enzyme. Fosfomycin and cefaclor monohydrate can be attached with amino acids out of the active site of the enzyme because they inhibit enzyme noncompetitively. Cefixime can be attached only to the enzyme-substrate complex because it inhibits enzyme uncompetitively.

Common microbial causes of significant bacteriuria and their antibiotic resistance pattern in the Isfahan Province of Iran.[Pubmed:30663554]

J Chemother. 2018 Oct - Dec;30(6-8):348-353.

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are considered the most common community-acquired infections worldwide, which have possible complications along with significant economic impact on national healthcare systems. The aim of this study was to identify the most common causes of significant bacteriuria and to assess their antimicrobial resistance pattern in the Isfahan province of Iran. In this cross-sectional study, 11,678 urine samples of the patients referred to Mahdieh Medical Diagnostic Centre Charity were examined over a period of 10 months (from September 2015 to June 2016). Among the cases, 6.85% were positive for bacteriuria (F/M = 11.3). Escherichia coli (62%) was the most frequently isolated bacteria, followed by Staphylococcus epidermidis (13.9%) and Staphylococcus aureus (6.8%). E. coli was more prevalent among patients with diabetes mellitus. E. coli isolates showed the highest resistance to nalidixic acid, Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazole and Cefixime. Our results revealed that broad-spectrum antibiotic resistance is frequent among isolated uropathogens in Isfahan, Iran.

Pharmacokinetic Data Are Predictive of In Vivo Efficacy for Cefixime and Ceftriaxone against Susceptible and Resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae Strains in the Gonorrhea Mouse Model.[Pubmed:30642924]

Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2019 Feb 26;63(3). pii: AAC.01644-18.

There is a pressing need for drug development for gonorrhea. Here we describe a pharmacokinetic (PK)/pharmacodynamic (PD) analysis of extended-spectrum cephalosporins (ESC) against drug-susceptible and drug-resistant gonococcal strains in a murine genital tract infection model. The PK determined in uninfected mice displayed a clear dose-response in plasma levels following single doses of ceftriaxone (CRO) (intraperitoneal) or Cefixime (CFM) (oral). The observed doses required for efficacy against ESC-susceptible (ESC(s)) strain FA1090 were 5 mg/kg of body weight (CRO) and 12 mg/kg (CFM); these doses had estimated therapeutic times (the time that the free drug concentration remains above the MIC [fT MIC]) of 24 h and 37 h, respectively. No single dose of CRO or CFM was effective against ESC-resistant (ESC(r)) strain H041. However, fractionation (three times a day every 8 h [TIDq8h]) of a 120-mg/kg dose of CRO resulted in estimated therapeutic times in the range of 23 h and cleared H041 infection in a majority (90%) of mice, comparable to the findings for gentamicin. In contrast, multiple CFM doses of 120 or 300 mg/kg administered TIDq8h cleared infection in

Cefixime is an antibiotic and a third generation cephalosporin antibiotic, useful for the treatment of a number of bacterial infections.

Cefixime,79350-37-1,FR-17027; FK-027; CL-284635,Natural Products, buy Cefixime , Cefixime supplier , purchase Cefixime , Cefixime cost , Cefixime manufacturer , order Cefixime , high purity Cefixime