TAK-715

TAK-715 is a selective inhibitor of p38 MAPK with IC50 value of 7.1 nM [1].

p38 mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases (p38 MAPKs) are a class of mitogen-activated protein kinases and play an important role in controlling cellular responses to cytokines and stress. Four p38 MAPKs contain members, p38-α (MAPK14), p38-β (MAPK11), p38-γ (MAPK12/ERK6), and p38-δ (MAPK13/SAPK4), have been identified. Abnormal expression of p38 MAPKs are correlated with a variety of chronic inflammatory diseases and their inhibitors are regarded as promising targets in clinical [1] [2].

TAK-715 is a potent p38 MAPK inhibitor and has a different selectivity with the reported p38 MAPK inhibitor VX-745. When tested with human monocytic THP-1 cells, administration of TAK-715 exhibited inhibition on p38MAPKα with IC50 value of 7.1 nM [1]. In HEK293T, U2OS, and F9 cells, TAK-715 was used to inhibit p38 MAPK activity and concluded that p38 MAPK had no function in Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway [2].

In adjuvant-induced rheumatoid arthritis rat model, administration of TAK-715 at dose of 10 mg/kg significantly decreased LPS-induced stimulated release of TNF-α (87.6%) by inhibiting p38 MAPK activity [1].

References:
[1].  Miwatashi, S., et al., Novel inhibitor of p38 MAP kinase as an anti-TNF-alpha drug: discovery of N-[4-[2-ethyl-4-(3-methylphenyl)-1,3-thiazol-5-yl]-2-pyridyl]benzamide (TAK-715) as a potent and orally active anti-rheumatoid arthritis agent. J Med Chem, 2005. 48(19): p. 5966-79.
[2].   Verkaar, F., et al., Inhibition of Wnt/beta-catenin signaling by p38 MAP kinase inhibitors is explained by cross-reactivity with casein kinase Idelta/varepsilon. Chem Biol, 2011. 18(4): p. 485-94.

X-ray structure of p38alpha bound to TAK-715: comparison with three classic inhibitors.[Pubmed:22868770]

Acta Crystallogr D Biol Crystallogr. 2012 Aug;68(Pt 8):1041-50.

The p38alpha mitogen-activated protein kinase regulates the synthesis of pro-inflammatory cytokines in response to stimulation by a diverse set of stress signals. Various different chemotypes and clinical candidates that inhibit p38alpha function have been reported over the years. In this publication, the novel structure of p38alpha cocrystallized with the clinical candidate TAK-715 is reported. Owing to the impact of crystallization conditions on the conformation of protein kinases (and in particular p38alpha), the structures of complexes of p38alpha with SB-203580, SCIO-469 and VX-745 have also been determined to enable in-depth comparison of ligand-induced protein conformations. The impact of experimental conditions on p38alpha-inhibitor complex structures, most importantly soaking versus cocrystallization, is discussed. Analysis of the structures and quantification of the protein-ligand interactions couples ligand-induced protein conformations to the number of interactions and to inhibitor selectivity against the human kinome. This shows that for the design of novel kinase inhibitors, selectivity is best obtained through maximization of the number of interactions throughout the ATP pocket and the exploitation of specific features in the active site.

Novel inhibitor of p38 MAP kinase as an anti-TNF-alpha drug: discovery of N-[4-[2-ethyl-4-(3-methylphenyl)-1,3-thiazol-5-yl]-2-pyridyl]benzamide (TAK-715) as a potent and orally active anti-rheumatoid arthritis agent.[Pubmed:16162000]

J Med Chem. 2005 Sep 22;48(19):5966-79.

The p38 mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase has been implicated in the proinflammatory cytokine signal pathway, and its inhibitors are potentially useful for the treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and inflammatory bowel disease. To develop a new drug for RA, we synthesized a novel series of 4-phenyl-5-pyridyl-1,3-thiazoles and evaluated their inhibition of p38 MAP kinase, lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated release of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) from human monocytic THP-1 cells in vitro, and LPS-induced TNF-alpha production in vivo in mice. During the course of the study, we found that these compounds risk the inhibition of cytochrome P450 (CYP) isoforms by coordination of the 4-pyridyl nitrogen with heme iron. We therefore investigated the effects of substitution at the 2-position of the pyridyl ring on the inhibitory activity of p38 MAP kinase and CYPs in more detail. As a result, N-[4-[2-ethyl-4-(3-methylphenyl)-1,3-thiazol-5-yl]-2-pyridyl]benzamide (8h, TAK-715) exhibited potent inhibitory activity in these assays (inhibition of p38alpha, IC50 = 7.1 nM; LPS-stimulated release of TNF-alpha from THP-1, IC50 = 48 nM; LPS-induced TNF-alpha production in mice, 87.6% inhibition at 10 mg/kg, po) and no inhibitory activity for major CYPs, including CYP3A4. This compound also showed good bioavailability in mice and rats and significant efficacy in a rat adjuvant-induced arthritis model. Compound 8h was selected as a clinical candidate and is now under clinical investigation for the treatment of RA.

Inhibition of Wnt/beta-catenin signaling by p38 MAP kinase inhibitors is explained by cross-reactivity with casein kinase Idelta/varepsilon.[Pubmed:21513885]

Chem Biol. 2011 Apr 22;18(4):485-94.

Wnt/beta-catenin signaling plays essential roles in embryonic development, adult stem cell maintenance, and disease. Screening of a small molecule compound library with a beta-galactosidase fragment complementation assay measuring beta-catenin nuclear entry revealed TAK-715 and AMG-548 as inhibitors of Wnt-3a-stimulated beta-catenin signaling. TAK-715 and AMG-548 are inhibitors of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, which has been suggested to regulate activation of Wnt/beta-catenin signaling. However, two highly selective and equally potent p38 inhibitors, VX-745 and Scio-469, did not inhibit Wnt-3a-stimulated beta-catenin signaling. Profiling of TAK-715 and AMG-548 against a panel of over 200 kinases revealed cross-reactivity with casein kinase Idelta and varepsilon, which are known activators of Wnt/beta-catenin signaling. Our data demonstrate that this cross-reactivity accounts for the inhibition of beta-catenin signaling by TAK-715 and AMG-548 and argue against a role of p38 in Wnt/beta-catenin signaling.

TAK-715 is a p38 MAPK inhibitor for p38α with IC50 of 7.1 nM, 28-fold more selective for p38α over p38β, no inhibition to p38γ/δ, JNK1, ERK1, IKKβ, MEKK1 or TAK1.

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