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Epothilone B (EPO906, Patupilone)

Microtubule stabilizing macrolide CAS# 152044-54-7

Epothilone B (EPO906, Patupilone)

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Product Name & Size Price Stock
Epothilone B (EPO906, Patupilone):10mg $78.00 In stock
Epothilone B (EPO906, Patupilone):20mg $133.00 In stock
Epothilone B (EPO906, Patupilone):50mg $312.00 In stock
Epothilone B (EPO906, Patupilone):100mg $546.00 In stock
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Chemical structure

Epothilone B (EPO906, Patupilone)

3D structure

Chemical Properties of Epothilone B (EPO906, Patupilone)

Cas No. 152044-54-7 SDF Download SDF
PubChem ID 448013 Appearance Powder
Formula C27H41NO6S M.Wt 507.68
Type of Compound N/A Storage Desiccate at -20°C
Synonyms Epothilone B; Patupilone; 152044-54-7; (-)-Epothilone B; EpoB; EPO906
Solubility DMSO : ≥ 125 mg/mL (246.22 mM)
*"≥" means soluble, but saturation unknown.
Chemical Name (1S,3S,7S,10R,11S,12S,16R)-7,11-dihydroxy-8,8,10,12,16-pentamethyl-3-[(E)-1-(2-methyl-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)prop-1-en-2-yl]-4,17-dioxabicyclo[14.1.0]heptadecane-5,9-dione
SMILES CC1CCCC2(C(O2)CC(OC(=O)CC(C(C(=O)C(C1O)C)(C)C)O)C(=CC3=CSC(=N3)C)C)C
Standard InChIKey QXRSDHAAWVKZLJ-PVYNADRNSA-N
Standard InChI InChI=1S/C27H41NO6S/c1-15-9-8-10-27(7)22(34-27)12-20(16(2)11-19-14-35-18(4)28-19)33-23(30)13-21(29)26(5,6)25(32)17(3)24(15)31/h11,14-15,17,20-22,24,29,31H,8-10,12-13H2,1-7H3/b16-11+/t15-,17+,20-,21-,22-,24-,27+/m0/s1
General tips For obtaining a higher solubility , please warm the tube at 37 ℃ and shake it in the ultrasonic bath for a while.Stock solution can be stored below -20℃ for several months.
We recommend that you prepare and use the solution on the same day. However, if the test schedule requires, the stock solutions can be prepared in advance, and the stock solution must be sealed and stored below -20℃. In general, the stock solution can be kept for several months.
Before use, we recommend that you leave the vial at room temperature for at least an hour before opening it.
About Packaging 1. The packaging of the product may be reversed during transportation, cause the high purity compounds to adhere to the neck or cap of the vial.Take the vail out of its packaging and shake gently until the compounds fall to the bottom of the vial.
2. For liquid products, please centrifuge at 500xg to gather the liquid to the bottom of the vial.
3. Try to avoid loss or contamination during the experiment.
Shipping Condition Packaging according to customer requirements(5mg, 10mg, 20mg and more). Ship via FedEx, DHL, UPS, EMS or other couriers with RT, or blue ice upon request.

Biological Activity of Epothilone B (EPO906, Patupilone)

DescriptionMicrotubule stabilization agent that promotes tubulin polymerization and induces G2-M cell cycle arrest (EC50 = 32 nM in HeLa cells). Inhibits proliferation of human carcinoma cell lines in vitro, including MDR cells overexpressing the P-glycoprotein efflux pump. Exhibits potent cytotoxicity in MCF-7 and A549 cells (EC50 values are 0.3 and 2.7 nM respectively). Inhibits growth of HCT-15 tumors in mice in vivo.

Protocol

Kinase Assay [3]
Asp-Glu-Val-Asp (DEVD)ase activity is determined in cytosolic cell extracts. Cells are treated with increasing concentrations of Epothilone B (Patupilone) for 6, 12, 24, and 48 h. Cells are harvested thereafter by trypsin/EDTA, centrifuged, and washed with precooled PBS. The cell pellet is suspended in 5 volumes of precooled buffer A (20 mM HEPES-KOH [pH 7.5], 10 mM KCl, 1.5 mM MgCl2, 1 mM sodium EDTA, 1 mM sodium EGTA, 1 mM dithiothreitol [DDT], 250 mM sucrose, and 0.1 mM phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride [PMSF] supplemented with protease inhibitors [5 mg/mL pepstatin A, 10 mg/mL leupeptin, 2 mg/mL aprotinin, 2 mg/mL DTT, and 1 mM of PMSF]). After incubation on ice for 15 min, the cells are disrupted by freezing and thawing. Cell lysates are centrifuged at 1000g for 10 min at 4°C, and the supernatant is further centrifuged at 100 000g for 30 min. The resulting supernatant (S-100 fraction) is stored at −80°C. To determine caspase 3-like activity, 75 μg of protein from the S-100 fraction is incubated at 37°C with the colorimetric caspase 3 substrate N-acetyl-Asp-Glu-Val-Asp p-nitroanilide (100 mM; Ac-DEVD-pNA) and 1 mM dATP in a final volume of 120 μL. Cleavage of the caspase substrate is monitored at 405 nm using a GenTec spectrophotometer[3].

Cell Assay [2]
Human glioblastoma cells (U87MG, ATCC) are routinely maintained at 37°C and 5% CO2 in EMEM medium, with NEAA, containing 10% fetal bovine serum, 2 mM of glutamine, 1% penicillin and streptomycin. U87MG cells are used for no more than 15 passages. Cells are seeded in 96-well plates (5000 cells/well). After 24 h cells are treated with Epothilone B. Growth inhibition of U87MG cells is measured after 72 h of drug treatment by using the MTT cell proliferation assay[2].

Animal Administration [3]
Mice[3] D425Med cells (6×106) are injected subcutaneously on the backs of 4-6-week-old athymic nude mice. Tumor volumes are determined from caliper measurements of tumor length (L) and width (l) according to the formula (L×l2)/2. Tumors are allowed to expand to a volume of 200 mm3 (±10%) before treatment start. With the use of a customized shielding device, mice are given strictly loco regional radiotherapy of 3×3 Gy on 3 consecutive days using a Gulmay 200 kV X-ray unit at 100 cGy/min at room temperature. Epothilone B (2 mg/kg; dissolved in 30% PEG-300/70% saline) is applied intravenously 24 h before the first treatment with ionizing radiation (at day 0 of the treatment; n=5 per group). Tumor growth is monitored daily.

References:
[1]. Regueiro-Ren A, et al. Synthesis and biological activity of novel epothilone aziridines. Org Lett. 2001 Aug 23;3(17):2693-6. [2]. Pagano A, et al. Epothilone B inhibits migration of glioblastoma cells by inducing microtubule catastrophes and affecting EB1 accumulation at microtubule plus ends. Biochem Pharmacol. 2012 Aug 15;84(4):432-43. [3]. Oehler C, et al. The microtubule stabilizer patupilone (epothilone B) is a potent radiosensitizer in medulloblastoma cells. Neuro Oncol. 2011 Sep;13(9):1000-10.

Epothilone B (EPO906, Patupilone) Dilution Calculator

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Epothilone B (EPO906, Patupilone) Molarity Calculator

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Preparing Stock Solutions of Epothilone B (EPO906, Patupilone)

1 mg 5 mg 10 mg 20 mg 25 mg
1 mM 1.9697 mL 9.8487 mL 19.6974 mL 39.3949 mL 49.2436 mL
5 mM 0.3939 mL 1.9697 mL 3.9395 mL 7.879 mL 9.8487 mL
10 mM 0.197 mL 0.9849 mL 1.9697 mL 3.9395 mL 4.9244 mL
50 mM 0.0394 mL 0.197 mL 0.3939 mL 0.7879 mL 0.9849 mL
100 mM 0.0197 mL 0.0985 mL 0.197 mL 0.3939 mL 0.4924 mL
* Note: If you are in the process of experiment, it's necessary to make the dilution ratios of the samples. The dilution data above is only for reference. Normally, it's can get a better solubility within lower of Concentrations.

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Background on Epothilone B (EPO906, Patupilone)

Epothilone B (EPO906, Patupilone) is a naturally occurring microtubule-stabilizing macrolide that was first isolated from the myxobacterium Sorangium cellulosum. The EC0.01 value of Epothilone B is 1.8 nM [1].

Epothilone B exhibits the same mechanism of action as paclitaxel. More importantly, in cell culture, Epothilone B is active against paclitaxel-resistant cell lines that express P-glycoprotein. Furthermore, Epothilone B has better solubility in water than paclitaxel [1].

Epothilone B induced an increase in the level of the intracellular free calcium only during the longer times following the treatment in SKOV-3 cells. Besides, the ovarian cancer cells treated with Epothilone B showed a time course dependent increase in the cytosolic fraction of cytochrome c [2].

References:
[1] Regueiro-Ren A1, Borzilleri RM, Zheng X, Kim SH, Johnson JA, Fairchild CR, Lee FY, Long BH, Vite GD. Synthesis and biological activity of novel epothilone aziridines. Org Lett. 2001 Aug 23;3(17):2693-6.
[2] Rogalska A1, Gajek A2, Marczak A2. Epothilone B induces extrinsic pathway of apoptosis in human SKOV-3 ovarian cancer cells. Toxicol In Vitro. 2014 Jun;28(4):675-83.

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References on Epothilone B (EPO906, Patupilone)

Patupilone (epothilone B, EPO906) and imatinib (STI571, Glivec) in combination display enhanced antitumour activity in vivo against experimental rat C6 glioma.[Pubmed:15723258]

Cancer Chemother Pharmacol. 2005 Apr;55(4):307-317.

PURPOSE: The microtubule-stabilizing agent patupilone (epothilone B, EPO906) and the tyrosine kinase inhibitor imatinib (STI571, Glivec) which primarily inhibits Bcr-Abl, PDGF and c-Kit tyrosine kinase receptors, were combined in vivo to determine if any interaction would occur with respect to antitumour effect and tolerability using rat C6 glioma xenografted into nude mice. METHODS: Patupilone and imatinib were administered alone or in combination at suboptimal doses. Imatinib treatment (orally once daily) was initiated 4 days after s.c. injection of rat C6 glioma cells into athymic nude mice and patupilone administration (i.v. once per week) was started 3 or 4 days after imatinib treatment. RESULTS: As a single agent, imatinib was inactive in the regimens selected (100 mg/kg: T/C 86% and 116%; 200 mg/kg: T/C 68% and 84%; two independent experiments), but well tolerated (gain in body weight and no mortalities). Patupilone weekly monotherapy demonstrated dose-dependent antitumour effects (1 mg/kg: T/C 67% and 70%; 2 mg/kg: T/C 32% and 63%; 4 mg/kg: T/C 3% and 46%). As expected, dose-dependent body weight losses occurred (final body weight changes at 1 mg/kg were -7% and -3%; at 2 mg/kg were -23% and -13%; and at 4 mg/kg were -33% and -15%). Combining 2 mg/kg patupilone and 200 mg/kg per day imatinib in one experiment produced a non-statistically significant trend for an improved antitumour effect over patupilone alone (combination, T/C 9%), while in the second experiment, enhancement was seen with the combination and reached statistical significance versus patupilone alone (combination, T/C 22%; P=0.008). Reduction of the imatinib dose to 100 mg/kg per day resulted in no enhancement of antitumour activity in combination with 2 mg/kg patupilone. Reduction of the patupilone dose to 1 mg/kg resulted in a reduced antitumour effect, and only a trend for synergy with either imatinib dose (combination, T/C 46% and 40%). Pooling the data from the two experiments confirmed a significant synergy for the combination of 2 mg/kg patupilone and 200 mg/kg per day imatinib (P=0.032), and a trend for synergy at the 1 mg/kg patupilone dose. Reduction in the imatinib dose to 100 mg/kg per day resulted only in additivity with either dose of patupilone. Body weight losses were dominated by the effect of patupilone, since no greater body weight loss was observed in the combination groups. CONCLUSION: Combining patupilone with high-dose imatinib produced an increased antitumour effect without affecting the tolerability of treatment in a relatively chemoresistant rat C6 glioma model. Such results indicate that further evaluation is warranted, in particular to elucidate possible mechanisms of combined action.

Effects of patupilone (epothilone B; EPO906), a novel chemotherapeutic agent, in hepatocellular carcinoma: an in vitro study.[Pubmed:17657173]

Oncology. 2006;71(3-4):292-6.

PURPOSE: In this study, the cytotoxic effects of patupilone (epothilone B; EPO906) were assessed in a panel of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell lines, and were compared with doxorubicin and the microtubule-stabilizing taxanes. METHODS: The following HCC cell lines were used: PLC/PRF/5, HepG2, Hep3B, SNU-387, SNU-398, SNU-423, SNU-449, and SNU-475. Cells were treated with various concentrations of patupilone, paclitaxel, docetaxel, or doxorubicin for 72 h; 50% inhibitory concentrations (IC(50)) were determined by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide assay. P-glycoprotein expression was assessed using standard Western blotting techniques. RESULTS: Patupilone was found to be the most potent drug in all 8 HCC cell lines. All cell lines except SNU-449 were 4- to19-fold more sensitive to patupilone than to paclitaxel and docetaxel, and 59- to 208-fold more sensitive than to doxorubicin. SNU-449, the most resistant cell line and the only one overexpressing P-glycoprotein, was 3- to 39-fold more resistant to paclitaxel, docetaxel, and doxorubicin than were other cell lines. The IC(50) of patupilone in SNU-449 was 1.14 nmol, which was 108- to 529-fold lower than those of the other agents. CONCLUSION: Patupilone was more potent than taxanes and doxorubicin in HCC cell lines and may result in reduced clinical resistance by overcoming P-glycoprotein overexpression. A clinical study in HCC is warranted.

Altered TUBB3 expression contributes to the epothilone response of mitotic cells.[Pubmed:23321512]

Br J Cancer. 2013 Jan 15;108(1):82-90.

BACKGROUND: Epothilones are a novel group of microtubule (mt) targeting cancer drugs that bind to the beta-subunit of the alphabeta-tubulin dimer. Epothilones inhibit cell proliferation and induce cell death by interfering with the normal mt function. In this study, we examined the consequences of altered expression of human beta-tubulin isotypes in terms of the epothilone drug response in human lung and breast cancer cell lines. METHODS: The beta-tubulin isotypes TUBB2A-C, TUBB3 and TUBB were silenced or overexpressed in A549, A549EpoB40 and MCF7 cell lines in the presence or absence of epothilones. The drug effects on cell proliferation, mitosis and mt dynamics were determined using live cell microscopy and immunofluorescence assays. RESULTS: Loss of TUBB3 enhanced the action of epothilones. TUBB3 knockdown increased the severity of drug-induced mitotic defects and resulted in stabilisation of the mt dynamics in cells. Moreover, exogenous expression of TUBB3 in the epothilone resistant cell line conferred the response to drug treatments. In contrast, reduced levels of TUBB2A-C or TUBB had not apparent effect on the cells' response to epothilones. CONCLUSION: Our results show that the expression of TUBB3 contributes to the cellular response to epothilones, putatively by having an impact on the mt dynamics.

Pharmacokinetic profile of the microtubule stabilizer patupilone in tumor-bearing rodents and comparison of anti-cancer activity with other MTS in vitro and in vivo.[Pubmed:18301895]

Cancer Chemother Pharmacol. 2008 Nov;62(6):1045-54.

INTRODUCTION: Patupilone is a microtubule stabilizer (MTS) currently in clinical development. Here, we evaluate the anti-cancer activity in vitro and in vivo in comparison to paclitaxel and describe the pharmacokinetics (PK) of patupilone in tumor-bearing nude mice and rats. METHODS: The potency in vitro of patupilone and two other MTS, paclitaxel and ixabepilone, was determined using human colon carcinoma cell lines with low (HCT-116, HT-29, RKO) and high (HCT-15) P-glycoprotein expression (P-gp), as well as two multi-drug resistance (MDR) model cell pairs, MCF7/ADR and KB-8511 cells and their respective drug-sensitive parental counterparts. The PK of patupilone was investigated in nude mice bearing HCT-15 or HT-29 xenografts and in rats bearing s.c. pancreatic CA20498 tumors or A15 glioma tumors. Anti-cancer activity in vivo was compared to that of paclitaxel using three different human tumor colon models. The retention and efficacy of patupilone was compared in small and large HT-29 xenografts whose vascularity was determined by non-invasive magnetic resonance imaging. RESULTS: Patupilone was highly potent in vitro against four different colon carcinoma cell lines including those showing multi-drug-resistance. In contrast, paclitaxel and ixabepilone displayed significantly reduced activity with markedly increased resistance factors. In both rats and mice, a single i.v. bolus injection of patupilone (1.5-4 mg/kg) rapidly distributed from plasma to all tissues and was slowly eliminated from muscle, liver and small intestine, but showed longer retention in tumor and brain with no apparent elimination over 24 h. Patupilone showed significant activity against three human colon tumor models in vivo, unlike paclitaxel, which only had activity against low P-gp expressing tumors. In HT-29 tumors, patupilone activity and retention were independent of tumor size, blood volume and flow. CONCLUSIONS: The high potency of patupilone, which is not affected by P-gp expression either in vitro or in vivo, and favorable PK, independent of tumor vascularity, suggest that it should show significant activity in colorectal cancer and in other indications where high P-gp expression may compromise taxane activity.

Description

Epothilone B is a microtubule stabilizer with a Ki of 0.71μM. It acts by binding to the αβ-tubulin heterodimer subunit which causes decreasing of αβ-tubulin dissociation.

Keywords:

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