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Ciliobrevin A

Hh pathway antagonist CAS# 302803-72-1

Ciliobrevin A

Catalog No. BCC3939----Order now to get a substantial discount!

Product Name & Size Price Stock
Ciliobrevin A:10mg $177.00 In stock
Ciliobrevin A:20mg $301.00 In stock
Ciliobrevin A:50mg $708.00 In stock
Ciliobrevin A:100mg $1239.00 In stock
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Chemical structure

Ciliobrevin A

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Chemical Properties of Ciliobrevin A

Cas No. 302803-72-1 SDF Download SDF
PubChem ID 6883982 Appearance Powder
Formula C17H9Cl2N3O2 M.Wt 358.18
Type of Compound N/A Storage Desiccate at -20°C
Synonyms HPI-4
Solubility DMSO : 100 mg/mL (279.19 mM; Need ultrasonic)
Chemical Name (2E)-3-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-3-oxo-2-(4-oxo-1H-quinazolin-2-ylidene)propanenitrile
SMILES C1=CC=C2C(=C1)C(=O)NC(=C(C#N)C(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3)Cl)Cl)N2
Standard InChIKey SESYPWCSIZUIAS-FOWTUZBSSA-N
Standard InChI InChI=1S/C17H9Cl2N3O2/c18-9-5-6-10(13(19)7-9)15(23)12(8-20)16-21-14-4-2-1-3-11(14)17(24)22-16/h1-7,21H,(H,22,24)/b16-12+
General tips For obtaining a higher solubility , please warm the tube at 37 ℃ and shake it in the ultrasonic bath for a while.Stock solution can be stored below -20℃ for several months.
We recommend that you prepare and use the solution on the same day. However, if the test schedule requires, the stock solutions can be prepared in advance, and the stock solution must be sealed and stored below -20℃. In general, the stock solution can be kept for several months.
Before use, we recommend that you leave the vial at room temperature for at least an hour before opening it.
About Packaging 1. The packaging of the product may be reversed during transportation, cause the high purity compounds to adhere to the neck or cap of the vial.Take the vail out of its packaging and shake gently until the compounds fall to the bottom of the vial.
2. For liquid products, please centrifuge at 500xg to gather the liquid to the bottom of the vial.
3. Try to avoid loss or contamination during the experiment.
Shipping Condition Packaging according to customer requirements(5mg, 10mg, 20mg and more). Ship via FedEx, DHL, UPS, EMS or other couriers with RT, or blue ice upon request.

Biological Activity of Ciliobrevin A

DescriptionHedgehog (Hh) pathway antagonist; blocks Sonic hedgehog (Shh)-induced Hh pathway activation (IC50 = 7 μM) downstream of Smo. Perturbs primary cilia formation; inhibits cytoplasmic AAA+ ATPase dynein-dependent microtubule gliding and ATPase activity.

Protocol

Kinase Assay [1]
Smo-binding assays are conducted with BODIPY-cyclopamine and Smo-overexpressing HEK 293T cells, using a CMVpromoter-based SV40 origin-containing expression construct for Smo-Myc3 (murine Smo containing three consecutive Myc epitopes at the C terminus). HEK 293T cells are seeded into eight-well chambered coverslips (80,000 cells/well) and cultured in DMEM containing 10% FBS, 100 U/mL penicillin, and 0.1 mg/mL streptomycin. The cells are cultured until they reached 55 to 65% confluency (14-18 h), after which they are transfected with the Smo-Myc3 expression construct and Transit-LT1. Twenty-four hours after transfection, the cells are washed with PBS and cultured in DMEM containing 0.5% FBS, 5 nM BODIPY-cyclopamine, and various concentrations of either cyclopamine or individual HPIs. After 30 min, 10 μM Hoescht 33342 is added to each well, and the HPIs are incubated with the cells for an additional 30 min. The cells are then washed two times with PBS buffer, once with phenol red-free DMEM containing 0.5% FBS, and immediately imaged using a DMI6000B compound microscope. Images are background-substracted using ImageJ software with a rolling ball size of 75 pixels, and BODIPY-cyclopamine intensity is then determined using Metamorph software. Circular regions with a diameter of 300 pixels are placed over regions containing uniformly confluent cells, and the pixel intensities of approximately 20 regions from four independent images is used to determine the average BODIPY-cyclopamine levels for each experimental condition[1].

Cell Assay [1]
NIH 3T3 cells are seeded into 24-well plates (40,000 cell/well) containing polyD-lysine-coated 12-mm glass coverslips and cultured in DMEM containing 10% CS, 100 U/mL penicillin, and 0.1 mg/mL streptomycin until they reached 85-90% confluency. The medium is changed to DMEM containing 0.5% CS, 100 U/mL penicillin, and 0.1 mg/mL streptomycin and the cells are cultured for another 12 h. The cells are then treated with either DMSO, 3 μM cyclopamine,15 μM HPI-1, 20 μM HPI-2, 30 μM HPI-3, or 30 μM Ciliobrevin A. Shh-N-conditioned medium is added to appropriate wells at a final concentration of 5%. After 12 h, the cells are fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde for 10 min at room temperature, washed three times with PBS, permeabilized for 1 min with PBS containing 0.1% Triton X-100, washed again three times with PBS, and then blocked with PBS containing 1% normal goat serum for 3 h. The coverslips are then treated with mouse anti-N-acetylated-α-tubulin (1:1,000 in blocking buffer) and rabbit anti-Smo antibody (6) (1:2,000 dilution in blocking buffer) for 2 h at room temperature and washed 3×5 min with PBS. The coverslips are incubated next with Alexa Fluor 594-conjugated goat anti-mouse IgG and Alexa Fluor 488-conjugated donkey anti-rabbit IgG antibodies (1:1,000 dilutions in blocking buffer) for 1 h at room temperature. After washes with PBS and a 5-min incubation with 4,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI), the samples are mounted using Prolong Gold and imaged with an inverted Leica DMIRE2 laser scaning confocal microscope[1].

References:
[1]. Hyman JM, et al. Small-molecule inhibitors reveal multiple strategies for Hedgehog pathway blockade. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2009 Aug 18;106(33):14132-7.

Ciliobrevin A Dilution Calculator

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Preparing Stock Solutions of Ciliobrevin A

1 mg 5 mg 10 mg 20 mg 25 mg
1 mM 2.7919 mL 13.9595 mL 27.9189 mL 55.8378 mL 69.7973 mL
5 mM 0.5584 mL 2.7919 mL 5.5838 mL 11.1676 mL 13.9595 mL
10 mM 0.2792 mL 1.3959 mL 2.7919 mL 5.5838 mL 6.9797 mL
50 mM 0.0558 mL 0.2792 mL 0.5584 mL 1.1168 mL 1.3959 mL
100 mM 0.0279 mL 0.1396 mL 0.2792 mL 0.5584 mL 0.698 mL
* Note: If you are in the process of experiment, it's necessary to make the dilution ratios of the samples. The dilution data above is only for reference. Normally, it's can get a better solubility within lower of Concentrations.

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Background on Ciliobrevin A

Hedgehog (Hh) pathway antagonist; blocks Sonic hedgehog (Shh)-induced Hh pathway activation (IC50 = 7 μM) downstream of Smo. Peturbs primary cilia formation; inhibits cytoplasmic AAA+ ATPase dynein-dependent microtubule gliding and ATPase activity.

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References on Ciliobrevin A

The dynein inhibitor Ciliobrevin D inhibits the bidirectional transport of organelles along sensory axons and impairs NGF-mediated regulation of growth cones and axon branches.[Pubmed:25404503]

Dev Neurobiol. 2015 Jul;75(7):757-77.

The axonal transport of organelles is critical for the development, maintenance, and survival of neurons, and its dysfunction has been implicated in several neurodegenerative diseases. Retrograde axon transport is mediated by the motor protein dynein. In this study, using embryonic chicken dorsal root ganglion neurons, we investigate the effects of Ciliobrevin D, a pharmacological dynein inhibitor, on the transport of axonal organelles, axon extension, nerve growth factor (NGF)-induced branching and growth cone expansion, and axon thinning in response to actin filament depolymerization. Live imaging of mitochondria, lysosomes, and Golgi-derived vesicles in axons revealed that both the retrograde and anterograde transport of these organelles was inhibited by treatment with Ciliobrevin D. Treatment with Ciliobrevin D reversibly inhibits axon extension and transport, with effects detectable within the first 20 min of treatment. NGF induces growth cone expansion, axonal filopodia formation and branching. Ciliobrevin D prevented NGF-induced formation of axonal filopodia and branching but not growth cone expansion. Finally, we report that the retrograde reorganization of the axonal cytoplasm which occurs on actin filament depolymerization is inhibited by treatment with Ciliobrevin D, indicating a role for microtubule based transport in this process, as well as Ciliobrevin D accelerating Wallerian degeneration. This study identifies Ciliobrevin D as an inhibitor of the bidirectional transport of multiple axonal organelles, indicating this drug may be a valuable tool for both the study of dynein function and a first pass analysis of the role of axonal transport.

Effects of the dynein inhibitor ciliobrevin on the flagellar motility of sea urchin spermatozoa.[Pubmed:25809136]

Cytoskeleton (Hoboken). 2015 Apr;72(4):182-92.

Ciliobrevin has recently been found to be a membrane-permeable inhibitor that is specific to AAA+ molecular motors such as cytoplasmic dyneins. In this study, we investigated how ciliobrevin inhibited the motility of sperm from sea urchins: Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus, Pseudocentrotus depressus, and Anthocidaris crassispina. After application of 100 muM of Ciliobrevin A to live spermatozoa, swimming speed decreased gradually and flagellar motion stopped almost completely within 5 to 10 min. This inhibition was reversible and the frequency of flagellar beating was reduced in a concentration-dependent manner. Ciliobrevin had similar inhibitory effects on the flagellar beating of demembranated and reactivated sperm and the sliding disintegration of trypsin-treated axonemes. We also analyzed the curvature and shear angle of the beating flagella and found that the proximal region of the sperm flagellum was less sensitive to ciliobrevin compared with more distal regions, where bending motions were blocked completely. Interestingly, the shear angle analysis of flagellar motility showed that ciliobrevin induced highly asymmetric bends in the proximal region of the flagellum. These results suggest that there is heterogeneity in the inhibitory thresholds of dynein motors, which depend on the regions along the flagellar shaft (proximal or distal) and on the sites of doublets in the flagellar cross-section (doublet numbers). We expect that it will be possible to map the functional differences in dynein subtypes along and/or around the cross-sections of flagellar axonemes by analyzing the inhibitory effects of ciliobrevin.

Small-molecule inhibitors of the AAA+ ATPase motor cytoplasmic dynein.[Pubmed:22425997]

Nature. 2012 Mar 18;484(7392):125-9.

The conversion of chemical energy into mechanical force by AAA+ (ATPases associated with diverse cellular activities) ATPases is integral to cellular processes, including DNA replication, protein unfolding, cargo transport and membrane fusion. The AAA+ ATPase motor cytoplasmic dynein regulates ciliary trafficking, mitotic spindle formation and organelle transport, and dissecting its precise functions has been challenging because of its rapid timescale of action and the lack of cell-permeable, chemical modulators. Here we describe the discovery of ciliobrevins, the first specific small-molecule antagonists of cytoplasmic dynein. Ciliobrevins perturb protein trafficking within the primary cilium, leading to their malformation and Hedgehog signalling blockade. Ciliobrevins also prevent spindle pole focusing, kinetochore-microtubule attachment, melanosome aggregation and peroxisome motility in cultured cells. We further demonstrate the ability of ciliobrevins to block dynein-dependent microtubule gliding and ATPase activity in vitro. Ciliobrevins therefore will be useful reagents for studying cellular processes that require this microtubule motor and may guide the development of additional AAA+ ATPase superfamily inhibitors.

Small-molecule inhibitors reveal multiple strategies for Hedgehog pathway blockade.[Pubmed:19666565]

Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2009 Aug 18;106(33):14132-7.

Inappropriate activation of the Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway has been implicated in a diverse spectrum of cancers, and its pharmacological blockade has emerged as an anti-tumor strategy. While nearly all known Hh pathway antagonists target the transmembrane protein Smoothened (Smo), small molecules that suppress downstream effectors could more comprehensively remediate Hh pathway-dependent tumors. We report here four Hh pathway antagonists that are epistatic to the nucleocytoplasmic regulator Suppressor of Fused [Su(fu)], including two that can inhibit Hh target gene expression induced by overexpression of the Gli transcription factors. Each inhibitor has a unique mechanism of action, and their phenotypes reveal that Gli processing, Gli activation, and primary cilia formation are pharmacologically targetable. We further establish the ability of certain compounds to block the proliferation of cerebellar granule neuron precursors expressing an oncogenic form of Smo, and we demonstrate that Hh pathway inhibitors can have tissue-specific activities. These antagonists therefore constitute a valuable set of chemical tools for interrogating downstream Hh signaling mechanisms and for developing chemotherapies against Hh pathway-related cancers.

Description

Ciliobrevin A is a hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway inhibitor with median inhibitory concentration (IC50) less than 10 μM.

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