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1,5-Dicaffeoylquinic acid

CAS# 30964-13-7

1,5-Dicaffeoylquinic acid

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Quality Control of 1,5-Dicaffeoylquinic acid

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Chemical structure

1,5-Dicaffeoylquinic acid

3D structure

Chemical Properties of 1,5-Dicaffeoylquinic acid

Cas No. 30964-13-7 SDF Download SDF
PubChem ID 5281769 Appearance White-beige powder
Formula C25H24O12 M.Wt 516.45
Type of Compound Phenolic Acids Storage Desiccate at -20°C
Synonyms Cynarine
Solubility DMSO : ≥ 23 mg/mL (44.53 mM)
*"≥" means soluble, but saturation unknown.
Chemical Name (1R,3R,4S,5R)-1,3-bis[[(E)-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoyl]oxy]-4,5-dihydroxycyclohexane-1-carboxylic acid
SMILES C1C(C(C(CC1(C(=O)O)OC(=O)C=CC2=CC(=C(C=C2)O)O)OC(=O)C=CC3=CC(=C(C=C3)O)O)O)O
Standard InChIKey YDDUMTOHNYZQPO-RVXRWRFUSA-N
General tips For obtaining a higher solubility , please warm the tube at 37 ℃ and shake it in the ultrasonic bath for a while.Stock solution can be stored below -20℃ for several months.
We recommend that you prepare and use the solution on the same day. However, if the test schedule requires, the stock solutions can be prepared in advance, and the stock solution must be sealed and stored below -20℃. In general, the stock solution can be kept for several months.
Before use, we recommend that you leave the vial at room temperature for at least an hour before opening it.
About Packaging 1. The packaging of the product may be reversed during transportation, cause the high purity compounds to adhere to the neck or cap of the vial.Take the vail out of its packaging and shake gently until the compounds fall to the bottom of the vial.
2. For liquid products, please centrifuge at 500xg to gather the liquid to the bottom of the vial.
3. Try to avoid loss or contamination during the experiment.
Shipping Condition Packaging according to customer requirements(5mg, 10mg, 20mg and more). Ship via FedEx, DHL, UPS, EMS or other couriers with RT, or blue ice upon request.

Source of 1,5-Dicaffeoylquinic acid

1 Cynara sp. 2 Echinacea sp.

Biological Activity of 1,5-Dicaffeoylquinic acid

Description1,5-Dicaffeoylquinic acid has neuroprotective, and antioxidant effects, it can prevent Aβ(42)-induced neurotoxicity through the activation of PI3K/Akt followed by the stimulation of Trk A, then the inhibition of GSK3β as well as the modulation of Bcl-2/Bax. 1,5-Dicaffeoylquinic acid has protective effects against MPP~+ induces neurotoxicity of PC12 Cells, it (50 umol/L) pretreatment can inhibit the MPP+-induced up-regulation of the expression of α-synuclein mRNA and protein.
TargetsERK | Trk receptor | Bcl-2/Bax | Beta Amyloid | PI3K | GSK-3 | ROS | Nrf2
In vitro

Regulation of syringin, chlorogenic acid and 1,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid biosynthesis in cell suspension cultures of Saussurea involucrata.[Pubmed: 25244758]

Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi. 2014 Jun;39(12):2275-80.

Syringin, chlorogenic acid and 1,5-Dicaffeoylquinic acid are three main bioactive ingredients in herbs of Saussurea involucrata with various pharmacological properties, while their contents are very low.
METHODS AND RESULTS:
In this study, the biosynthesis of syringin, chlorogenic acid and 1,5-Dicaffeoylquinic acid in the cell suspension cultures of S. involucrata were regulated by feeding carbon sources and precursors, which resulted in a great increase of the contents and yields of the above three bioactive ingredients. After 16 days of fermentation, the yields of syringin, chlorogenic acid and 1,5-Dicaffeoylquinic acid reached 339.0, 225.3, 512.7 mg x L(-1), respectively. Meanwhile, their contents increased up to 67.9, 1.9, 10.6 times of wild medicinal material, respectively.
CONCLUSIONS:
The results provided a solid basis for further studies on application of cell suspension cultures of S. involucrata for large-scale production of bioactive compounds syringin, chlorogenic acid and 1,5-Dicaffeoylquinic acid.

1,5-Dicaffeoylquinic acid, an antioxidant component of Cynara cardunculus leaves[Reference: WebLink]

Organic. Chem., 1999, 72.


METHODS AND RESULTS:
This study describes the isolation, identification and some antioxidant properties of 1,5-Dicaffeoylquinic acid. This compound was isolated from a methanolic extract of Cynara cardunculus leaves. The isolation was based on a selective extraction of 1,5-Dicaffeoylquinic acid with diethylether from a weak acidic water-methanolic solution and on column chromatography. The compound structure was determined by 1D and 2D H-NMR spectroscopy. Inhibition of hemolysis induced by hydrogen peroxide and the anti-radical effect of both 1,5-Dicaffeoylquinic acid and cynarin (1,3-dicaffeoylquinic acid) were studied. Cynarin was formed from 1,5-Dicaffeoylquinic acid by trans-esterification during solvent extraction.
CONCLUSIONS:
The antioxidant activity of dicaffeoylquinic acids in both systems was found to be stronger than that of ascorbic acid.

1, 5-Dicaffeoylquinic acid-mediated glutathione synthesis through activation of Nrf2 protects against OGD/reperfusion-induced oxidative stress in astrocytes.[Pubmed: 20513363 ]

Brain Res. 2010 Aug 6;1347:142-8.

Oxidative stress plays an important role in pathological processes of cerebral ischemia followed by reperfusion.
METHODS AND RESULTS:
The effect of 1,5-Dicaffeoylquinic acid (1, 5-diCQA) on primary culture rat cortical astrocytes induced by oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD)/reperfusion was evaluated in this study. Appropriate concentration of 1, 5-diCQA pretreatment significantly suppressed cell death, reduced the production of reactive oxygen species, prevented glutathione (GSH) depletion, increased the activity of glutamate-cysteine ligase (GCL), and triggered Nrf2 nuclear translocation in astrocytes induced by 4h of OGD and 20 h of reperfusion. Interestingly, these protective effects were greatly attenuated in Nrf2 siRNA-transfected cells.
CONCLUSIONS:
We conclude that 1, 5-diCQA has antioxidant signaling properties that upregulate GSH synthesis by stimulating the Nrf2 pathway in astrocytes and protects them from cell death in an in vitro model of ischemia/reperfusion.

Protocol of 1,5-Dicaffeoylquinic acid

Kinase Assay

1,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid protects primary neurons from amyloid β 1-42-induced apoptosis via PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.[Pubmed: 22040415]

Chin Med J (Engl). 2011 Sep;124(17):2628-35.

Recently, 1,5-Dicaffeoylquinic acid (1,5-DQA), a caffeoylquinic acid derivative isolated from Aster scaber, was found to have neuroprotective effects. However, the protective mechanisms of 1,5-DQA have not yet been clearly identified. The purpose of this study was to explore the protective mechanisms of 1,5-DQA on neuronal culture.
METHODS AND RESULTS:
We investigated the neuroprotective effects of 1,5-DQA against amyloid β(1-42) (Aβ(42))-induced neurotoxicity in primary neuronal culture. To evaluate the neuroprotective effects of 1,5-DQA, primary cultured cortical neurons from neonate rats were pretreated with 1,5-DQA for 2 hours and then treated with 40 µmol/L Aβ(42) for 6 hours. Cell counting kit-8, Hoechst staining and Western blotting were used for detecting the protective mechanism. Comparisons between two groups were evaluated by independent t test, and multiple comparisons were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). 1,5-DQA treated neurons showed increased neuronal cell viability against Aβ(42) toxicity in a concentration-dependent manner, both phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt and extracellular regulated protein kinase 1/2 (Erk1/2) were activated by 1,5-DQA with stimulating their upstream tyrosine kinase A (Trk A). However, the neuroprotective effects of 1,5-DQA were blocked by LY294002, a PI3K inhibitor, but not by PD98059, an inhibitor of mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase. Furthermore, 1,5-DQA's anti-apoptotic potential was related to the enhanced inactivating phosphorylation of glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) and the modulation of expression of apoptosis-related protein Bcl-2/Bax.
CONCLUSIONS:
These results suggest that 1,5-DQA prevents Aβ(42)-induced neurotoxicity through the activation of PI3K/Akt followed by the stimulation of Trk A, then the inhibition of GSK3β as well as the modulation of Bcl-2/Bax.

Cell Research

Protective Effects of 1,5-Dicaffeoylquinic Acid against MPP~+ Induced Neurotoxicity of PC12 Cells[Reference: WebLink]

Acta Med. Universit. Sci. Et. Technol. Huazhong, 2010, 39(4): 435-38.

To investigate the protective effects of 1,5-Dicaffeoylquinic acid(1,5-diCQA)preconditioning on the injury of PC12 cells induced by MPP+ and the possible mechanisms.
METHODS AND RESULTS:
MPP+ was added to make a model of Parkinson disease in rat pheochromocytoma(PC12)cells.PC12 cells were divided into three groups randomly:control group,MPP+ group,1,5-diCQA+MPP+ group.Cell viability was determined by MTT assay.Cellular ROS and GSH were observed by a spectrophotometer.The expression of α-synuclein mRNA and protein was detected by using RT-PCR and Western blot respectively. ①The cell viability in MPP+ group was obviously less than in control group and 1,5-diCQA pretreatment+MPP+ group.②The ROS production and cellular depletion was lessened by pretreatment of 1,5-diCQA in a dose-dependent manner.③1,5-diCQA(50 μmol/L)pretreatment could inhibit the MPP+-induced up-regulation of the expression of α-synuclein mRNA and protein.
CONCLUSIONS:
1,5-diCQA may have a neuroprotective potential for it could attenuate the oxidative stress and α-synuclein overexpression in the PC12 cells induced by MPP+.

Structure Identification
Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2012;2012:280351.

Inulae Flos and Its Compounds Inhibit TNF-α- and IFN-γ-Induced Chemokine Production in HaCaT Human Keratinocytes.[Pubmed: 22919411]


METHODS AND RESULTS:
The present study is to investigate which kinds of solvent extracts of Inulae Flos inhibit the chemokine productions in HaCaT cell and whether the inhibitory capacity of Inulae Flos is related with constitutional compounds. The 70% methanol extract showed comparatively higher inhibition of thymus and activation-regulated chemokine (TARC/CCL17) in HaCaT cells, therefore this extract was further partitioned with n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, butanol, and water. The ethyl acetate fraction inhibited TARC, macrophage-derived chemokine (MDC/CCL22), and regulated on activation of normal T-cell-expressed and -secreted (RANTES/CCL5) production in HaCaT cells better than the other fractions. The compounds of Inulae Flos, such as 1,5-Dicaffeoylquinic acid and luteolin, inhibited TARC, MDC, and RANTES production in HaCaT cells. 1,5-Dicaffeoylquinic acid was contained at the highest concentrations both in the 70% methanol extract and ethyl acetate fraction and inhibited the secretion of chemokines dose-dependently more than the other compounds. Luteolin also represented dose-dependent inhibition on chemokine productions although it was contained at lower levels in 70% methanol extract and solvent fractions.
CONCLUSIONS:
These results suggest that the inhibitory effects of Inulae Flos on chemokine production in HaCaT cell could be related with constituent compounds contained, especially 1,5-Dicaffeoylquinic acid and luteolin.

1,5-Dicaffeoylquinic acid Dilution Calculator

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Preparing Stock Solutions of 1,5-Dicaffeoylquinic acid

1 mg 5 mg 10 mg 20 mg 25 mg
1 mM 1.9363 mL 9.6815 mL 19.363 mL 38.7259 mL 48.4074 mL
5 mM 0.3873 mL 1.9363 mL 3.8726 mL 7.7452 mL 9.6815 mL
10 mM 0.1936 mL 0.9681 mL 1.9363 mL 3.8726 mL 4.8407 mL
50 mM 0.0387 mL 0.1936 mL 0.3873 mL 0.7745 mL 0.9681 mL
100 mM 0.0194 mL 0.0968 mL 0.1936 mL 0.3873 mL 0.4841 mL
* Note: If you are in the process of experiment, it's necessary to make the dilution ratios of the samples. The dilution data above is only for reference. Normally, it's can get a better solubility within lower of Concentrations.

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Background on 1,5-Dicaffeoylquinic acid

Cynarin is an antichoke agent with a variety of biological activities including antioxidant, antihistamic and antiviral activities.

In Vitro:Cynarin inhibits taste receptors, making water to be sweet. It has been shown to have some pharmacological properties including hypocholesterolemic, hepatoprotective, antiviral, antibacterial, and antihistamic effects. Cynarin has marked antioxidant, anticholinergic, reducing ability, radical-scavenging, and metal-binding activities. Cynarin demonstrates 87.72% inhibition of linoleic acid lipid peroxidation at 30 mg/mL concentration. Cynarin exhibits effective DMPD+, ABTS+/sup>, O2-, DPPH1, and H2O2 scavenging effects, reducing capabilities and Fe2+ chelating effects. IC50 and Ki of cynarin for acetylcholinesterase enzyme inhibition are 243.67nM and 39.34±13.88 nM, respectively[1]. Cynarin is a potential immunosuppressant that blocks the interaction between the CD28 of T-cell receptor and CD80 of antigen presenting cells. Cynarin blocks about 87% of the CD28-dependent signal 2 pathway of T-cell activation under the condition of one to one ratio of T-cell and B-cell. Cynarin binds to the G-pocket of CD28 and thus interrupts the site of interaction between CD28 and CD80[2].

References:
[1]. Topal M, et al. Antioxidant, antiradical, and anticholinergic properties of cynarin purified from the Illyrian thistle (Onopordum illyricum L.). J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem. 2016 31(2):266-75. [2]. Dong GC, et al. Blocking effect of an immuno-suppressive agent, cynarin, on CD28 of T-cell receptor. Pharm Res. 2009 Feb 26(2):375-81.

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References on 1,5-Dicaffeoylquinic acid

[Regulation of syringin, chlorogenic acid and 1,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid biosynthesis in cell suspension cultures of Saussurea involucrata].[Pubmed:25244758]

Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi. 2014 Jun;39(12):2275-80.

Syringin, chlorogenic acid and 1,5-Dicaffeoylquinic acid are three main bioactive ingredients in herbs of Saussurea involucrata with various pharmacological properties, while their contents are very low. In this study, the biosynthesis of syringin, chlorogenic acid and 1,5-Dicaffeoylquinic acid in the cell suspension cultures of S. involucrata were regulated by feeding carbon sources and precursors, which resulted in a great increase of the contents and yields of the above three bioactive ingredients. After 16 days of fermentation, the yields of syringin, chlorogenic acid and 1,5-Dicaffeoylquinic acid reached 339.0, 225.3, 512.7 mg x L(-1), respectively. Meanwhile, their contents increased up to 67.9, 1.9, 10.6 times of wild medicinal material, respectively. The results provided a solid basis for further studies on application of cell suspension cultures of S. involucrata for large-scale production of bioactive compounds syringin, chlorogenic acid and 1,5-Dicaffeoylquinic acid.

1,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid protects primary neurons from amyloid beta 1-42-induced apoptosis via PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.[Pubmed:22040415]

Chin Med J (Engl). 2011 Sep;124(17):2628-35.

BACKGROUND: Recently, 1,5-Dicaffeoylquinic acid (1,5-DQA), a caffeoylquinic acid derivative isolated from Aster scaber, was found to have neuroprotective effects. However, the protective mechanisms of 1,5-DQA have not yet been clearly identified. The purpose of this study was to explore the protective mechanisms of 1,5-DQA on neuronal culture. METHODS: We investigated the neuroprotective effects of 1,5-DQA against amyloid beta(1-42) (Abeta(42))-induced neurotoxicity in primary neuronal culture. To evaluate the neuroprotective effects of 1,5-DQA, primary cultured cortical neurons from neonate rats were pretreated with 1,5-DQA for 2 hours and then treated with 40 micromol/L Abeta(42) for 6 hours. Cell counting kit-8, Hoechst staining and Western blotting were used for detecting the protective mechanism. Comparisons between two groups were evaluated by independent t test, and multiple comparisons were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). RESULTS: 1,5-DQA treated neurons showed increased neuronal cell viability against Abeta(42) toxicity in a concentration-dependent manner, both phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt and extracellular regulated protein kinase 1/2 (Erk1/2) were activated by 1,5-DQA with stimulating their upstream tyrosine kinase A (Trk A). However, the neuroprotective effects of 1,5-DQA were blocked by LY294002, a PI3K inhibitor, but not by PD98059, an inhibitor of mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase. Furthermore, 1,5-DQA's anti-apoptotic potential was related to the enhanced inactivating phosphorylation of glycogen synthase kinase 3beta (GSK3beta) and the modulation of expression of apoptosis-related protein Bcl-2/Bax. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that 1,5-DQA prevents Abeta(42)-induced neurotoxicity through the activation of PI3K/Akt followed by the stimulation of Trk A, then the inhibition of GSK3beta as well as the modulation of Bcl-2/Bax.

1, 5-Dicaffeoylquinic acid-mediated glutathione synthesis through activation of Nrf2 protects against OGD/reperfusion-induced oxidative stress in astrocytes.[Pubmed:20513363]

Brain Res. 2010 Aug 6;1347:142-8.

Oxidative stress plays an important role in pathological processes of cerebral ischemia followed by reperfusion. The effect of 1, 5-dicaffeoylquinic acid (1, 5-diCQA) on primary culture rat cortical astrocytes induced by oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD)/reperfusion was evaluated in this study. Appropriate concentration of 1, 5-diCQA pretreatment significantly suppressed cell death, reduced the production of reactive oxygen species, prevented glutathione (GSH) depletion, increased the activity of glutamate-cysteine ligase (GCL), and triggered Nrf2 nuclear translocation in astrocytes induced by 4h of OGD and 20 h of reperfusion. Interestingly, these protective effects were greatly attenuated in Nrf2 siRNA-transfected cells. We conclude that 1, 5-diCQA has antioxidant signaling properties that upregulate GSH synthesis by stimulating the Nrf2 pathway in astrocytes and protects them from cell death in an in vitro model of ischemia/reperfusion.

Description

Cynarin is an antichoke agent with a variety of biological activities including antioxidant, antihistamic and antiviral activities.

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